Daily Archives: November 13, 2024

Now the copyright industry wants to apply deep, automated blocking to the Internet’s core routers

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A central theme of Walled Culture the book (free digital versions available) and this blog is that the copyright industry is never satisfied. Now matter how long the term of copyright, publishers and recording companies want more. No matter how harsh the punishments for infringement, the copyright intermediaries want them to be even more severe.

Another manifestation of this insatiability is seen in the ever-widening use of Internet site blocking. What began as a highly-targeted one-off in the UK, when a court ordered the Newzbin2 site to be blocked, has become a favoured method of the copyright industry for cutting off access to thousands of sites around the world, including many blocked by mistake. Even more worryingly, the approach has led to blocks being implemented in some key parts of the Internet’s infrastructure that have no involvement with the material that flows through them: they are just a pipe. For example, last year we wrote about courts ordering the content delivery network Cloudflare to block sites. But even that isn’t enough it seems. A post on TorrentFreak reports on a move to embed site blocking at the very heart of the Internet. This emerges from an interview about the Brazilian telecoms regulator Anatel:

In an interview with Tele.Sintese, outgoing Anatel board member Artur Coimbra recalls the lack of internet infrastructure in Brazil as recently as 2010. As head of the National Broadband Plan under the Ministry of Communications, that’s something he personally addressed. For Anatel today, blocking access to pirate websites and preventing unauthorized devices from communicating online is all in a day’s work.

Here’s the key revelation spotted by TorrentFreak:

“The second step, which we still need to evaluate because some companies want it, and others are more hesitant, is to allow Anatel to have access to the core routers to place a direct order on the router,” Coimbra reveals, referencing IPTV [Internet Protocol television] blocking.

“In these cases, these companies do not need to have someone on call to receive the [blocking] order and then implement it.”

Later on, Coimbra clarifies how far along this plan is:

“Participation is voluntary. We are still testing with some companies. So, it will take some time until it actually happens,” Coimbra says. “I can’t say [how long]. Our inspection team is carrying out tests with some operators, I can’t say which ones.”

Even if this is still in the testing phase, and only with “some” companies, it’s a terrible precedent. It means that blocking – and thus censorship – can be applied automatically, possibly without judicial oversight, to some of the most fundamental parts of the Internet’s plumbing. Once that happens, it will spread, just as the original single site block in the UK has spread worldwide. There’s even a hint that might already be happening. Asked if such blocking is being applied anywhere else, Coimbra replies:

“I don’t know. Maybe in Spain and Portugal, which are more advanced countries in this fight. But I don’t have that information,” Coimbra responds, randomly naming two countries with which Brazil has consulted extensively on blocking matters.

Although it’s not clear from that whether Spain and Portugal are indeed taking this route, the fact that Coimbra suggests that they might be is deeply troubling. And even if they aren’t, we can be sure that the copyright industry will keep demanding Internet blocks and censorship at the deepest level until they get them.

Source: Now the copyright industry wants to apply deep, automated blocking to the Internet’s core routers – Walled Culture

Judge: Just Because AI Trains On Your Publication, Doesn’t Mean It Infringes On Your Copyright. Another case thrown out.

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I get that a lot of people don’t like the big AI companies and how they scrape the web. But these copyright lawsuits being filed against them are absolute garbage. And you want that to be the case, because if it goes the other way, it will do real damage to the open web by further entrenching the largest companies. If you don’t like the AI companies find another path, because copyright is not the answer.

So far, we’ve seen that these cases aren’t doing all that well, though many are still ongoing.

Last week, a judge tossed out one of the early ones against OpenAI, brought by Raw Story and Alternet.

Part of the problem is that these lawsuits assume, incorrectly, that these AI services really are, as some people falsely call them, “plagiarism machines.” The assumption is that they’re just copying everything and then handing out snippets of it.

But that’s not how it works. It is much more akin to reading all these works and then being able to make suggestions based on an understanding of how similar things kinda look, though from memory, not from having access to the originals.

Some of this case focused on whether or not OpenAI removed copyright management information (CMI) from the works that they were being trained on. This always felt like an extreme long shot, and the court finds Raw Story’s arguments wholly unconvincing in part because they don’t show any work that OpenAI distributed without their copyright management info.

For one thing, Plaintiffs are wrong that Section 1202 “grant[ s] the copyright owner the sole prerogative to decide how future iterations of the work may differ from the version the owner published.” Other provisions of the Copyright Act afford such protections, see 17 U.S.C. § 106, but not Section 1202. Section 1202 protects copyright owners from specified interferences with the integrity of a work’s CMI. In other words, Defendants may, absent permission, reproduce or even create derivatives of Plaintiffs’ works-without incurring liability under Section 1202-as long as Defendants keep Plaintiffs’ CMI intact. Indeed, the legislative history of the DMCA indicates that the Act’s purpose was not to guard against property-based injury. Rather, it was to “ensure the integrity of the electronic marketplace by preventing fraud and misinformation,” and to bring the United States into compliance with its obligations to do so under the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Copyright Treaty, art. 12(1) (“Obligations concerning Rights Management Information”) and WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty….

Moreover, I am not convinced that the mere removal of identifying information from a copyrighted work-absent dissemination-has any historical or common-law analogue.

Then there’s the bigger point, which is that the judge, Colleen McMahon, has a better understanding of how ChatGPT works than the plaintiffs and notes that just because ChatGPT was trained on pretty much the entire internet, that doesn’t mean it’s going to infringe on Raw Story’s copyright:

Plaintiffs allege that ChatGPT has been trained on “a scrape of most of the internet,” Compl. , 29, which includes massive amounts of information from innumerable sources on almost any given subject. Plaintiffs have nowhere alleged that the information in their articles is copyrighted, nor could they do so. When a user inputs a question into ChatGPT, ChatGPT synthesizes the relevant information in its repository into an answer. Given the quantity of information contained in the repository, the likelihood that ChatGPT would output plagiarized content from one of Plaintiffs’ articles seems remote.

Finally, the judge basically says, “Look, I get it, you’re upset that ChatGPT read your stuff, but you don’t have an actual legal claim here.”

Let us be clear about what is really at stake here. The alleged injury for which Plaintiffs truly seek redress is not the exclusion of CMI from Defendants’ training sets, but rather Defendants’ use of Plaintiffs’ articles to develop ChatGPT without compensation to Plaintiffs. See Compl. ~ 57 (“The OpenAI Defendants have acknowledged that use of copyright-protected works to train ChatGPT requires a license to that content, and in some instances, have entered licensing agreements with large copyright owners … They are also in licensing talks with other copyright owners in the news industry, but have offered no compensation to Plaintiffs.”). Whether or not that type of injury satisfies the injury-in-fact requirement, it is not the type of harm that has been “elevated” by Section 1202(b )(i) of the DMCA. See Spokeo, 578 U.S. at 341 (Congress may “elevate to the status of legally cognizable injuries, de facto injuries that were previously inadequate in law.”). Whether there is another statute or legal theory that does elevate this type of harm remains to be seen. But that question is not before the Court today.

While the judge dismisses the case with prejudice and says they can try again, it would appear that she is skeptical they could do so with any reasonable chance of success:

In the event of dismissal Plaintiffs seek leave to file an amended complaint. I cannot ascertain whether amendment would be futile without seeing a proposed amended pleading. I am skeptical about Plaintiffs’ ability to allege a cognizable injury but, at least as to injunctive relief, I am prepared to consider an amended pleading.

I totally get why publishers are annoyed and why they keep suing. But copyright is the wrong tool for the job. Hopefully, more courts will make this clear and we can get past all of these lawsuits.

Source: Judge: Just Because AI Trains On Your Publication, Doesn’t Mean It Infringes On Your Copyright | Techdirt

Mapping the ionosphere with millions of phones

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The ionosphere is a layer of weakly ionized plasma bathed in Earth’s geomagnetic field extending about 50–1,500 kilometres above Earth1. The ionospheric total electron content varies in response to Earth’s space environment, interfering with Global Satellite Navigation System (GNSS) signals, resulting in one of the largest sources of error for position, navigation and timing services2. Networks of high-quality ground-based GNSS stations provide maps of ionospheric total electron content to correct these errors, but large spatiotemporal gaps in data from these stations mean that these maps may contain errors3. Here we demonstrate that a distributed network of noisy sensors—in the form of millions of Android phones—can fill in many of these gaps and double the measurement coverage, providing an accurate picture of the ionosphere in areas of the world underserved by conventional infrastructure. Using smartphone measurements, we resolve features such as plasma bubbles over India and South America, solar-storm-enhanced density over North America and a mid-latitude ionospheric trough over Europe. We also show that the resulting ionosphere maps can improve location accuracy, which is our primary aim. This work demonstrates the potential of using a large distributed network of smartphones as a powerful scientific instrument for monitoring Earth.

[…]

Although measurements from individual mobile phones are noisier than those from conventional monitoring stations, we have shown that millions of phones in concert yield valuable measurements of ionospheric TEC. Other recent work has shown that phone accelerometers can detect earthquakes to provide early warning33 and that phone barometers can improve weather forecasting34. Building on these examples, our work continues to illuminate the potential for mobile phone sensors as a powerful tool to improve the scientific understanding of our planet.

Source: Mapping the ionosphere with millions of phones | Nature

Ubisoft Facing Lawsuit Over Shutting Down Online Game

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In 2014, Ubisoft launched The Crew as an open-world, always-online racing game with a campaign and multiplayer mode. It was a fairly successful game for Ubisoft, spawning two sequels—The Crew 2 and Crew: Motorfest. But in December 2023, Ubisoft suddenly delisted the racing game from digital stores and, in April 2024, completely shut off its servers. This means that even if you bought a physical copy of the game, you can no longer play it. Now, two gamers in the United States who weren’t happy about this are filing a lawsuit against Ubisoft.

As reported by Polygon, on November 4 Matthew Cassell and Alan Liu filed a lawsuit in federal court. The main complaint of the recently filed lawsuit is that the two plaintiffs believe Ubisoft has “duped” consumers by telling them they are buying a game when in reality they are only “renting” a “limited license.” The lawsuit also says that Ubisoft rubbed “salt on the wound” by not making the single-player portion of The Crew playable offline.

[…]

Earlier this year, Ubisoft’s decision to kill The Crew’s servers and make them unplayable led to a firestorm online, and fueled a movement dedicated to fighting back against the ongoing practice of companies killing online games and making them unplayable after people have bought them. Currently, that group is looking for signatures to force European Union lawmakers to address the issue directly.

[…]

Funnily enough, Ubisoft announced in September that it was planning to make sure The Crew 2 and Motorfest get offline modes that will let people keep playing the games even after the servers are shut down. I wonder why they scrambled to announce that?

[…]

Source: Ubisoft Facing Lawsuit Over Shutting Down Always Online Game

LG’s New Stretchable Screen Can Morph like a Piece of Laffy Taffy

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Imagine a display as flexible as plastic wrap—so malleable you could stretch it over your face in a futuristic impression of expert Saran-wrapping serial killer Dexter. LG is supposing the future will be full of such flexible displays, and its latest rendition of the concept screen is capable of stretching up to 50% of its normal length, mainly thanks to the same material used in contact lenses.

[…]

microLED. Like OLED, this display type allows for its self-emitting glow without any kind of backlight. MicroLED is so minuscule, it allows researchers to come up with some unique use cases, such as LG’s prototype.

Lg Bendy Display 1
© Image: LG

The Laffy Taffy screen uses a “special silicon material substrate,” according to LG. It’s the same kind of material used in soft contact lenses, and it’s wired in such a way that you can morph it without fear of breaking it. LG said it can be folded and stretched “over 10,000 times” and still maintain a clear image.

[…]

LG said this new display is 100 ppi (pixels per inch)

[…]

 

Source: LG’s New Stretchable Screen Can Morph like a Piece of Laffy Taffy

Pakistan limits outdoor activities, market hours to curb air pollution-related illness – attacks symptom but not cause

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Pakistan’s Punjab province banned most outdoor activities and ordered shops, markets and malls in some areas to close early from Monday to curb illnesses caused by intense air pollution.
The province has closed educational institutions and public spaces like parks and zoos until Nov. 17 in places including Lahore, the world’s most polluted city in terms of air quality, according to Swiss group IQAir’s live ratings.
The districts of Lahore, Multan, Faisalabad and Gujranwala have seen an unprecedented rise in patients with respiratory diseases, eye and throat irritation, and pink eye disease, the Punjab government said in an order issued late on Sunday.
The new restrictions will also remain in force until Nov. 17.
“The spread of conjunctivitis/ pink eye disease due to bacterial or viral infection, smoke, dust or chemical exposure is posing a serious and imminent threat to public health,” the Punjab government said.
[…]
Lahore’s air quality remained hazardous on Monday, with an index score of more than 600, according to IQAir, but this was significantly lower than the 1,900 that it touched in places earlier this month.
A score of 0-50 is considered good.
[…]
Punjab has blamed its toxic air this year on pollution wafting in from India, where northern parts have also been battling hazardous air, and has said it will take the issue up with the neighbouring country through its foreign ministry.
India’s Supreme Court on Monday directed the Delhi government to decide by Nov. 25 on imposing a perpetual ban on firecrackers, legal news portal Bar and Bench reported.
Firecrackers set off by revellers on Diwali, the Hindu festival of lights celebrated on Oct. 31 this year despite a ban, have aggravated the region’s pollution problem.

Source: Pakistan limits outdoor activities, market hours to curb air pollution-related illness | Reuters

A hint – it’s not just the firecrackers mate. Look at the horrible 2 cylinder engines on the mopeds in the pictures for a start.

Retailers Eye Radio emitting ink on fibres to Stop Shoplifting

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[…] small Spanish technology company, Myruns, and telecommunications operator Telefónica SA about the possible application of a system based on an anti-theft alarm product so thin it’s imperceptible to the naked eye

[…]

The technology from Myruns, in San Sebastian, Spain, may be just one of the efforts to curb thefts that have been studied by Inditex, which declined to comment on specific projects. Myruns’ product, which one of the people says is five times thinner than a human hair, or about a thousandth of an inch, uses a conductive ink derived from cellulose to transmit signals. It can set off alarms if someone walks out of a shop with items whose woven-in tags haven’t been deactivated, according to the people. The novel ink replaces aluminum, the main material used in most alarms. That would mean retailers wouldn’t need to rely on the metal for alarms, making the devices potentially biodegradable and supporting the garments’ recyclability.

Competitors that make threadlike radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology containing metals include Primo1D, an offshoot of a research center in Grenoble, France; and RFID Threads Ltd., in Nottingham, England, formerly known as Adetex.ID.

[…]

Pressure to improve profitability and reduce losses has pushed many retailers to step up their traditional anti-theft efforts. Inditex rival Hennes & Mauritz AB, or H&M, has increased the number of security guards at its stores, including in the US. Associated British Foods Plc’s Primark has also hired more security staff, in addition to investing in closed-circuit television systems and body cameras worn by staff. And in the UK, retailers such as John Lewis, Sainsbury’s and Tesco have teamed up with law enforcement to help fund a team of police and intelligence officers targeting shoplifters.

The lack of visible security can encourage shoplifting, but more drastic measures can impede sales, says Martin Gill, a UK-based consultant whose work involves testing retailers’ security by trying to steal things.

“Certain retail strategies, which aim to boost sales, have made it much easier to steal,” he says. “The key for good security is not to stop theft from happening at all costs, but do as much as possible to reduce the number of offenses. It’s always about the balance between sales and security.”

Source: Retailers Eye High-Tech Tags to Stop Shoplifting – Bloomberg

The Open Source Project DeFlock Is Mapping License Plate Surveillance Cameras All Over the World

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[…] Flock is one of the largest vendors of automated license plate readers (ALPRs) in the country. The company markets itself as having the goal to fully “eliminate crime” with the use of ALPRs and other connected surveillance cameras, a target experts say is impossible.

In Huntsville, Freeman noticed that license plate reader cameras were positioned in a circle at major intersections, forming a perimeter that could track any car going into or out of the city’s downtown. He started to look for cameras all over Huntsville and the surrounding areas, and soon found that Flock was not the only game in town. He found cameras owned by Motorola, and a third, owned by a company called Avigilon (a subsidiary of Motorola). Flock and automated license plate reader cameras owned by other companies are now in thousands of neighborhoods around the country. Many of these systems talk to each other and plug into other surveillance systems, making it possible to track people all over the country.

[…]

And so he made a map, and called it DeFlock. DeFlock runs on Open Street Map, an open source, editable mapping software. He began posting signs for DeFlock to the posts holding up Huntsville’s ALPR cameras, and made a post about the project to the Huntsville subreddit, which got good attention from people who lived there.

[…]

When I first talked to Freeman, DeFlock had a few dozen cameras mapped in Huntsville and a handful mapped in Southern California and in the Seattle suburbs. A week later, as I write this, DeFlock has crowdsourced the locations of thousands of cameras in dozens of cities across the United States and the world.

“It still just scratches the surface,” Freeman said. “I added another page to the site that tracks cities and counties who have transparency reports on Flock’s site, and many of those don’t have any reported ALPRs though, so it’ll help people focus on where to look for them.”

[…]

He said so far more than 1,700 cameras have been reported in the United States and more than 5,600 have been reported around the world. He has also begun scraping parts of Flock’s website to give people a better idea of where to look to map them. For example, Flock says that Colton, California, a city with just over 50,000 people outside of San Bernardino, has 677 cameras.

A ring of Flock cameras in Huntsville’s downtown, pointing outward.

People who submit cameras to DeFlock have the ability to note the direction that they are pointing in, which can help people understand how these cameras are being positioned and the strategies that companies and police departments are using when deploying them.

[…]

Freeman also said he eventually wants to find a way to offer navigation directions that will allow people to avoid known ALPR cameras. The fact that it is impossible to drive in some cities without being passing ALPR cameras that track and catalog your car’s movements is one of the core arguments in a Fourth Amendment challenge to Flock’s existence in Norfolk, Virginia; this project will likely show how infeasible traveling without being tracked actually is in America. Knowing where they are is the first step toward resisting them.

Source: The Open Source Project DeFlock Is Mapping License Plate Surveillance Cameras All Over the World

Spotify’s Car Thing, Due For Bricking, Is Getting an Open Source Second Life

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If you have Spotify’s soon-to-be-bricked Car Thing, there are a few ways you can give it a new lease on life. YouTuber Dammit Jeff has showcased modifications to Car Thing that makes the device useful as a desktop music controller, customizable shortcut tool, or a simple digital clock. Ars Technica’s Kevin Purdy reports: Spotify had previously posted the code for its uboot and kernel to GitHub, under the very unassuming name “spsgsb” and with no announcement (as discovered by Josh Hendrickson). Jeff has one idea why the streaming giant might not have made much noise about it: “The truth is, this thing isn’t really great at running anything.” It has half a gigabyte of memory, 4GB of internal storage, and a “really crappy processor” (Amlogic S905D2 SoC) and is mostly good for controlling music.

How do you get in? The SoC has a built-in USB “burning mode,” allowing for a connected computer, running the right toolkit, to open up root access and overwrite its firmware. Jeff has quite a few issues getting connected (check his video description for some guidance), but it’s “drag and drop” once you’re in. Jeff runs through a few of the most popular options for a repurposed Car Thing:

– DeskThing, which largely makes Spotify desk-friendly, but adds a tiny app store for weather (including Jeff’s own WeatherWave), clocks, and alternate music controls
– GlanceThing, which keeps the music controls but also provides some Stream-Deck-like app-launching shortcuts for your main computer.
– Nocturne, currently invite-only, is a wholly redesigned Spotify interface that restores all its Spotify functionality.

Source: Spotify’s Car Thing, Due For Bricking, Is Getting an Open Source Second Life

Formula 1 drivers ask FIA to treat them like adults after swearing punishments

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Formula 1 drivers have urged the sport’s governing body to treat them like adults after Max Verstappen and Charles Leclerc were punished for swearing.

The Grand Prix Drivers’ Association (GPDA) has also criticised FIA president Mohammed Ben Sulayem for his “tone and language” when addressing the topic.

An open letter from the GPDA said: “There is a difference between swearing intended to insult others and more casual swearing, such as you might use to describe bad weather, or indeed an inanimate object such as an F1 car, or a driving situation.

“We urge the FIA president to consider his own tone and language when talking to our member drivers, or indeed about them, whether in a public forum or otherwise.

“Further, our members are adults. They do not need to be given instructions by the media about matters as trivial as the wearing of jewellery or underpants.”

[…]

Source: Formula 1 drivers ask FIA to treat them like adults after swearing punishments – BBC Sport

Formula 1 has seen a crackdown on explicit language—the latest in a string of regulations enforced by the FIA in recent seasons. From restrictions on jewelry to mandates on underwear, F1’s governing body, the FIA, has implemented rules that some drivers feel have strayed too far into “trivial” territory.

In the wake of penalties imposed on drivers like Max Verstappen and Charles Leclerc for swearing, drivers are openly questioning the FIA’s governance, urging the organization to treat them as professionals and adults. They’re also calling for greater transparency, asking pointedly, “How are the FIA’s financial fines allocated and where are the funds spent?”

[…]

At the Singapore Grand Prix press conference, Max Verstappen used a swear word to bluntly describe what the car felt like, his frustrations deep. Within a day, the FIA summoned him, citing a violation of the International Sporting Code, ultimately imposing a community service penalty.

[…]

Even Lewis Hamilton weighed in, saying Verstappen should refuse the community service requirement because his penalty was too harsh. “I think it’s a bit of a joke, to be honest,” said Hamilton. “This is the pinnacle of the sport. Mistakes are made…I certainly [wouldn’t] be doing it and I hope Max doesn’t do it,” said the Briton.

[…]

Most recently, Charles Leclerc also found himself in hot water after he swore during a press conference post-Mexican Grand Prix. The Monegasque apologized immediately after so was let off with a fine of €10,000, half of which will be suspended for a year and no community service.

[…]

Perhaps the move for stricter decorum in Formula 1 also has to do with wider broadcast decency standards. With Formula 1’s recent reportedly $90 million per year broadcast deal with ESPN, the sport is increasingly aligning with the United States’ strict media standards, where explicit language is heavily monitored—a move indicating that the sport is trying to align with American market demands and more conservative media norms.

[…]

Source: F1 Drivers Draw A Line: What’s Behind The FIA’s Swearing Crackdown?

Remember, the drivers voices are not broadcast real time and the swearing is usually bleeped out (which is disappointing as well)