Daily Archives: December 4, 2024

Why Italy’s Piracy Shield destroys huge internet companies and small businesses with no recourse (unless you are rich) and can lay out the entire internet in Italy to… protect against football streaming?!

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Walled Culture has been following the sorry saga of Italy’s automated blocking system Piracy Shield for a year now. Blocklists are drawn up by copyright companies, without any review, or the possibility of any objections, and those blocks must be enforced within 30 minutes. Needless to say, such a ham-fisted and biased approach to copyright infringement is already producing some horrendous blunders.

For example, back in March Walled Culture reported that one of Cloudflare’s Internet addresses had been blocked by Piracy Shield. There were over 40 million domains associated with the blocked address – which shows how this crude approach can cause significant collateral damage to millions of sites not involved in any alleged copyright infringement.

Every new system has teething troubles, although not normally on this scale. But any hope that Italy’s national telecoms regulator, Autorità per le Garanzie nelle Comunicazioni (Authority for Communications Guarantees, AGCOM), the body running Piracy Shield, would have learned from the Cloudflare fiasco in order to stop it happening again was dispelled by what took place in October. TorrentFreak explains:

After blocking Cloudflare to prevent IPTV piracy just a few months ago, on Saturday the rightsholders behind Piracy Shield ordered Italy’s ISPs to block Google Drive. The subsequent nationwide blackout, affecting millions of Italians, wasn’t just a hapless IP address blunder. This was the reckless blocking of a Google.com subdomain that many 10-year-olds could identify as being important. Reckless people and internet infrastructure, what could possibly go wrong next?

The following day, there was a public discussion online involving the current and former AGCOM Commissioners, as well as various experts in relevant areas. The current AGCOM Commissioner Capitanio showed no sense of remorse for what happened. According to TorrentFreak’s report on the discussion:

Capitanio’s own focus on blocking to protect football was absolute. There was no concern expressed towards Google or the millions of users affected by the extended blackout, only defense of the Piracy Shield system.

Moreover:

AGCOM’s chief then went on to complain about Google’s refusal to delete Android apps already installed on users devices and other measures AGCOM regularly demands, none of which are required by law.

It seems that Capitanio regards even the current, one-sided and extreme Piracy Shield as too weak, and was trying to persuade Google to go even further than the law required – a typical copyright maximalist attitude. But worse was to come. Another participant in the discussion, former member of the Italian parliament, IT expert, and founder of Rialto Venture Capital, Stefano Quintarelli, pointed out a deeply worrying possibility:

the inherent insecurity of the Piracy Shield platform introduces a “huge systemic vulnerability” that eclipses the fight against piracy. Italy now has a system in place designed to dramatically disrupt internet communications and since no system is entirely secure, what happens if a bad actor somehow gains control?

Quintarelli says that if the Piracy Shield platform were to be infiltrated and maliciously exploited, essential services like hospitals, transportation systems, government functions, and critical infrastructure would be exposed to catastrophic blocking.

In other words, by placing the sanctity of copyright above all else, the Piracy Shield system could be turned against any aspect of Italian society with just a few keyboard commands. A malicious actor that managed to gain access to a system that has twice demonstrated a complete lack of even the most basic controls and checks could wreak havoc on computers and networks throughout Italy in a few seconds. Moreover, the damage could easily go well beyond the inconvenience of millions of people being blocked from accessing their files on Google Drive. A skilled intruder could carry out widespread sabotage of vital services and infrastructure that would cost billions of euros to rectify, and could even lead to the loss of lives.

No wonder, then, that an AGCOM board member, Elisa Giomi, has gone public with her concerns about the system. Giomi’s detailed rundown of Piracy Shield’s long-standing problems was posted in Italian on LinkedIn; TorrentFreak has a translation, and summarises the current situation as follows:

Despite a series of failures concerning Italy’s IPTV blocking platform Piracy Shield and the revelation that the ‘free’ platform will cost €2m per year, telecoms regulator AGCOM insists that all is going to plan. After breaking ranks, AGCOM board member Elisa Giomi called for the suspension of Piracy Shield while decrying its toll on public resources. When she was warned for her criticism, coupled with a threat of financial implications, Giomi came out fighting.

It’s clear that the Piracy Shield tragedy is far from over. It’s good to see courageous figures like Giomi joining the chorus of disapproval.

Source: Why Italy’s Piracy Shield risks moving from tiresome digital farce to serious national tragedy – Walled Culture

Italy, copyright – retarded doesn’t even begin to describe it.

In massive U-turn, FBI Warns Americans to Start Using Encrypted Messaging Apps, after discovering the problem with backdoors

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America’s top cybersecurity and law enforcement officials made a coordinated push Tuesday to raise awareness about cyber threats from foreign actors in the wake of an intrusion of U.S. telecom equipment dubbed Salt Typhoon. The hackers are linked to the Chinese government and they still have a presence in U.S. systems, spying on American communications, in what Sen. Mark Warner from Virginia has called “the worst hack in our nation’s history.”

Officials with the U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency and FBI went so far as to urge Americans to use encrypted messaging apps, according to a new report from NBC News, something that’s ostensibly about keeping foreign hackers out of your communications.

[…]

“Our suggestion, what we have told folks internally, is not new here: encryption is your friend, whether it’s on text messaging or if you have the capacity to use encrypted voice communication. Even if the adversary is able to intercept the data, if it is encrypted, it will make it impossible,” Jeff Greene, executive assistant director for cybersecurity at CISA, said on a press call Tuesday according to NBC News.

The unnamed FBI agent on the call with reporters echoed the message, according to NBC News, urging Americans to use “responsibly managed encryption,” which is a rather big deal when you remember that agencies like the FBI have been most resistant to Silicon Valley’s encryption efforts.

The hackers behind Salt Typoon failed to monitor or intercept anything encrypted, meaning that anything sent through Signal and Apple’s iMessage was likely protected, according to the New York Times. But the intrusion for all other communications was otherwise extremely galling. The hackers had access to metadata, including information on messages and phone calls along with when and where they were delivered. The hackers reportedly focused on targets around Washington, D.C.

The most alarming sort of intrusion in Salt Typhoon involved the system used by U.S. officials to wiretap Americans with a court order

[…]

Source: FBI Warns Americans to Start Using Encrypted Messaging Apps

It’s not like people have not been warning governments all over the world that there is no such thing as a safe backdoor to encryption and that forbidding encryption leads to a world of harm. We knew this, but still the idiots in charge wanted keys to encryption. The key, once it is in the hands of “baddies” will still work. It really does show the absolute retardation of government spy people who say breaking encryption will make us safer.

Training AI through human interactions instead of datasets

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[…] AI learns primarily through massive datasets and extensive simulations, regardless of the application.

Now, researchers from Duke University and the Army Research Laboratory have developed a platform to help AI learn to perform complex tasks more like humans. Nicknamed GUIDE for short

[…]

“It remains a challenge for AI to handle tasks that require fast decision making based on limited learning information,” […]

“Existing training methods are often constrained by their reliance on extensive pre-existing datasets while also struggling with the limited adaptability of traditional feedback approaches,” Chen said. “We aimed to bridge this gap by incorporating real-time continuous human feedback.”

GUIDE functions by allowing humans to observe AI’s actions in real-time and provide ongoing, nuanced feedback. It’s like how a skilled driving coach wouldn’t just shout “left” or “right,” but instead offer detailed guidance that fosters incremental improvements and deeper understanding.

In its debut study, GUIDE helps AI learn how best to play hide-and-seek. The game involves two beetle-shaped players, one red and one green. While both are controlled by computers, only the red player is working to advance its AI controller.

The game takes places on a square playing field with a C-shaped barrier in the center. Most of the playing field remains black and unknown until the red seeker enters new areas to reveal what they contain.

As the red AI player chases the other, a human trainer provides feedback on its searching strategy. While previous attempts at this sort of training strategy have only allowed for three human inputs — good, bad or neutral — GUIDE has humans hover a mouse cursor over a gradient scale to provide real-time feedback.

The experiment involved 50 adult participants with no prior training or specialized knowledge, which is by far the largest-scale study of its kind. The researchers found that just 10 minutes of human feedback led to a significant improvement in the AI’s performance. GUIDE achieved up to a 30% increase in success rates compared to current state-of-the-art human-guided reinforcement learning methods.

[…]

Another fascinating direction for GUIDE lies in exploring the individual differences among human trainers. Cognitive tests given to all 50 participants revealed that certain abilities, such as spatial reasoning and rapid decision-making, significantly influenced how effectively a person could guide an AI. These results highlight intriguing possibilities such as enhancing these abilities through targeted training and discovering other factors that might contribute to successful AI guidance.

[…]

The team envisions future research that incorporates diverse communication signals using language, facial expressions, hand gestures and more to create a more comprehensive and intuitive framework for AI to learn from human interactions. Their work is part of the lab’s mission toward building the next-level intelligent systems that team up with humans to tackle tasks that neither AI nor humans alone could solve.

Source: Training AI through human interactions instead of datasets | ScienceDaily

In 2020 something like this was done as well: Researchers taught a robot to suture by showing it surgery videos

Drones can avoid GPS jammers by navigating with the stars

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[…] Remote sensing engineers at the University of South Australia have built a new, low cost prototype system that merges celestial triangulation with vision-based algorithmic computing for UAVs flying at night. But unlike existing GPS, the novel design doesn’t emit any signals, making it impervious to current jamming methods.

[…]

To make it work, engineers designed and constructed a strapdown payload using only a Raspberry Pi 5 miniature computer and a monochrome sensor fitted with a wide angle lens. They then connected the tool to a fixed-wing drone’s onboard autonomous piloting system, where it captured and algorithmically analyzed visual data taken from stars seen at night.

“If we’re able to identify those stars and compare them against a database, given that we know the orientation the camera was facing and the point in time at which that image was taken, we can actually infer the location of the aircraft from that data,” explained Samuel Teague, a research assistant and study co-author, in an accompanying university video.

Teague and senior researcher, Javaan Chahl, tested their system with a UAV, and showed that their drone upgrade allowed it to consistently estimate its location to within an accuracy of 4 km (roughly 2.48 mi) while performing fixed altitude and airspeed orbits. While not currently as precise as modern GPS, the tool may still soon provide a powerful backup in the event of jamming or malfunction. It also still requires a clear sky to assess its surroundings, although the team believes additional research could address this issue, as well.

[…]

Source: Drones can avoid GPS jammers by navigating with the stars | Popular Science

Snowfall in the Alps is a third less than a hundred years ago, meteorologists find

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From 23% less in the northern Alps to a decrease of almost 50% on the southwestern slopes: Between 1920 and 2020, snowfall across the entirety of the Alps has decreased on average by a significant 34%. The results come from a study coordinated by Eurac Research and were published in the International Journal of Climatology. The study also examines how much altitude and climatological parameters such as temperature and total precipitation impact on snowfall.

The data on seasonal snowfall and rainfall was collected from 46 sites throughout the Alps, the most recent of which was collected from modern weather stations, and the historical data was gathered from handwritten records in which specially appointed observers recorded how many inches of snow were deposited at a given location.

[…]

“The most negative trends concern locations below an altitude of 2,000 meters and are in the southern regions such as Italy, Slovenia and part of the Austrian Alps.

In the Alpine areas to the north such as Switzerland and northern Tyrol, the research team observed the extent to which altitude also plays a central role. Although there has been an increase in precipitation during the winter seasons, at lower altitudes, snowfall has increasingly turned to rain as temperatures have risen. At higher elevations, however, thanks to sufficiently cold temperatures, snowfall is being maintained. In the southwestern and southeastern areas, temperatures have risen so much that even at , rain is frequently taking over .

[…]

Source: Snowfall in the Alps is a third less than a hundred years ago, meteorologists find

‘What many of us feel’: why ‘enshittification’ is Macquarie Dictionary’s word of the year | Oxford names ‘Brain rot’ (out of a very poor list)

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[…] In 2022, Doctorow coined the word “enshittification”, which has just been crowned Macquarie Dictionary’s word of the year. The dictionary defined the word as follows.

“The gradual deterioration of a service or product brought about by a reduction in the quality of service provided, especially of an online platform, and as a consequence of profit-seeking.”

Social media users, if they don’t know the word, will viscerally understand the concept, the way trolls and extremists and bullshitters and the criminally vacuous have overtaken the platforms.

[…]

Doctorow wrote that this decay was a three-stage process.

“First, platforms are good to their users; then they abuse their users to make things better for their business customers; finally, they abuse those business customers to claw back all the value for themselves,” he wrote.

[…]

Source: ‘What many of us feel’: why ‘enshittification’ is Macquarie Dictionary’s word of the year | Language | The Guardian

Following a public vote in which more than 37,000 people had their say, we’re pleased to announce that the Oxford Word of the Year for 2024 is ‘brain rot’.

Our language experts created a shortlist of six words to reflect the moods and conversations that have helped shape the past year. After two weeks of public voting and widespread conversation, our experts came together to consider the public’s input, voting results, and our language data, before declaring ‘brain rot’ as the definitive Word of the Year for 2024.

[…]

‘Brain rot’ is defined as “the supposed deterioration of a person’s mental or intellectual state, especially viewed as the result of overconsumption of material (now particularly online content) considered to be trivial or unchallenging. Also: something characterized as likely to lead to such deterioration”.

Our experts noticed that ‘brain rot’ gained new prominence this year as a term used to capture concerns about the impact of consuming excessive amounts of low-quality online content, especially on social media. The term increased in usage frequency by 230% between 2023 and 2024.

The first recorded use of ‘brain rot’ was found in 1854 in Henry David Thoreau’s book Walden, which reports his experiences of living a simple lifestyle in the natural world. As part of his conclusions, Thoreau criticizes society’s tendency to devalue complex ideas, or those that can be interpreted in multiple ways, in favour of simple ones, and sees this as indicative of a general decline in mental and intellectual effort: “While England endeavours to cure the potato rot, will not any endeavour to cure the brain-rot – which prevails so much more widely and fatally?”

The term has taken on new significance in the digital age, especially over the past 12 months. Initially gaining traction on social media platform—particularly on TikTok among Gen Z and Gen Alpha communities—’brain rot’ is now seeing more widespread use, such as in mainstream journalism, amidst societal concerns about the negative impact of overconsuming online content.

[…]

Find out more about our Word of the Year shortlist for 2024

Source: ‘Brain rot’ named Oxford Word of the Year 2024

The oxford list contained brain rot, demure, dynamic pricing, lore, romantasy and slop. No ideas how they got to this list, maybe they didn’t want anything with a swear word in it? Maybe they were afraid of offending anyone? Well, it definitely shows the enshittification of the Oxford word list.