Doom running on gut bacteria, proving you really can play the game on anything

An MIT biotech researcher has been able to run the iconic computer game Doom using actual gut bacteria. Lauren Ramlan didn’t get the game going on a digital simulation of bacteria, but turned actual bacteria into pixels to display the 30-year-old FPS, as reported by Rock Paper Shotgun.

Specifically, Ramlan created a display inside of a cell wall made entirely of E. coli bacteria. The 32×48 1-bit display may not win any resolution awards, but who cares, right? It’s Doom running on bacteria. The researcher dosed the bacteria with fluorescent proteins to get them to light up just like digital pixels.

There’s a couple of caveats here. First of all, the bacteria aren’t actually running the game, as we still haven’t cracked that whole “inject biological matter with digital code” thing. Instead, the bacteria combine to act as a teensy-tiny monitor that renders gameplay for the beloved shooter.

Also, there’s the subject of frame rate, which is always an important metric when considering FPS games. To be blunt, the frame rate is atrocious, likely due to the fact that bacteria were never intended to display 3D video games. It takes 70 minutes for the bacteria to illuminate one frame of the game and another eight hours to return to its starting state. This translates to nearly nine hours per frame, which means it would take around 600 years to play the game from start to finish. That’s even worse than Cyberpunk 2077 at launch.

So while this won’t present the smoothest gameplay experience, it’s still a pretty nifty idea. Also, it further proves the theory that Doom can run on just about anything. We’ve seen the game running on pregnancy tests, rat brain neurons and even inside of other titles, like the sequel Doom II and Minecraft. Doom is the great equalizer. May it continue to surprise us for the next 30 years.

Source: Here’s a video of Doom running on gut bacteria, proving you really can play the game on anything

Mercedes-Benz source code exposed by leaving private key online

Mercedes-Benz accidentally exposed a trove of internal data after leaving a private key online that gave “unrestricted access” to the company’s source code, according to the security research firm that discovered it.

Shubham Mittal, co-founder and chief technology officer of RedHunt Labs, alerted TechCrunch to the exposure and asked for help in disclosing to the car maker. The London-based cybersecurity company said it discovered a Mercedes employee’s authentication token in a public GitHub repository during a routine internet scan in January.

[…]

“The GitHub token gave ‘unrestricted’ and ‘unmonitored’ access to the entire source code hosted at the internal GitHub Enterprise Server,” Mittal explained in a report shared by TechCrunch. “The repositories include a large amount of intellectual property… connection strings, cloud access keys, blueprints, design documents, [single sign-on] passwords, API Keys, and other critical internal information.”

[…]

Source: How a mistakenly published password exposed Mercedes-Benz source code | TechCrunch

Let’s hope that others have found this and can use it to jailbreak the cars so that you can get what you paid for when you bought the machine, such as better EV performance and faster acceleration

Japan will no longer require floppy disks for submitting some official documents

Japan is an innovative country that leads the way on many technological fronts. But the wheels of bureaucracy often turn incredibly slowly there. So much so, that the government still requires businesses to provide information on floppy disks and CD-ROMs when they submit certain official documents.

That’s starting to change. Back in 2022, Minister of Digital Affairs Taro Kono urged various branches of the government to stop requiring businesses to submit information on outdated forms of physical media. The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) is one of the first to make the switch. “Under the current law, there are many provisions stipulating the use of specific recording media such as floppy disks regarding application and notification methods,” METI said last week, according to The Register.

After this calendar year, METI will no longer require businesses to submit data on floppy disks under 34 ordinances. The same goes for CD-ROMs when it comes to an unspecified number of procedures. There’s still quite some way to go before businesses can stop using either format entirely, however.

Kono’s staff identified some 1,900 protocols across several government departments that still require the likes of floppy disks, CD-ROMs and even MiniDiscs. The physical media requirements even applied to key industries such as utility suppliers, mining operations and aircraft and weapons manufacturers.

There are a couple of main reasons why there’s a push to stop using floppy disks, as SoraNews24 points out. One major factor is that floppy disks can be hard to come by. Sony, the last major manufacturer, stopped selling them in 2011. Another is that some data types just won’t fit on a floppy disk. A single photo can easily be larger than the format’s 1.4MB storage capacity.

There are some other industries that still rely on floppy disks. Some older planes need them for avionics, as do and some aging medical devices. It also took the US government until 2019 to stop using floppy disks to coordinate nuclear weapon launches.

Source: Japan will no longer require floppy disks for submitting some official documents

Turning glass into a ‘transparent’ light-energy harvester

What happens when you expose tellurite glass to femtosecond laser light? That’s the question that Gözden Torun at the Galatea Lab at Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, in collaboration with Tokyo Tech scientists, aimed to answer in her thesis work when she made the discovery that may one day turn windows into single material light-harvesting and sensing devices. The results are published in Physical Review Applied.

Interested in how the atoms in the tellurite would reorganize when exposed to fast pulses of high energy femtosecond laser light, the scientists stumbled upon the formation of nanoscale tellurium and tellurium oxide crystals, both etched into the glass, precisely where the glass had been exposed. That was the eureka moment for the scientists, since a semiconducting material exposed to daylight may lead to the generation of electricity.

“Tellurium being semiconducting, based on this finding we wondered if it would be possible to write durable patterns on the tellurite glass surface that could reliably induce electricity when exposed to light, and the answer is yes,” explains Yves Bellouard who runs EPFL’s Galatea Laboratory. “An interesting twist to the technique is that no additional materials are needed in the process. All you need is tellurite glass and a femtosecond laser to make an active photoconductive material.”

Using tellurite glass produced by colleagues at Tokyo Tech, the EPFL team brought their expertise in technology to modify the glass and analyze the effect of the laser. After exposing a simple line pattern on the surface of a tellurite glass 1 cm in diameter, Torun found that it could generate a current when exposing it to UV light and the , and this, reliably for months.

“It’s fantastic, we’re locally turning glass into a semiconductor using light,” says Yves Bellouard. “We’re essentially transforming materials into something else, perhaps approaching the dream of the alchemist.”

More information: Gözden Torun et al, Femtosecond-laser direct-write photoconductive patterns on tellurite glass, Physical Review Applied (2024). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.21.014008

Source: Turning glass into a ‘transparent’ light-energy harvester

US states had 65,000 rape-related pregnancies after banning abortion

Since the US Supreme Court overturned the right to an abortion, estimates suggest that there have been tens of thousands of pregnancies as a result of rape in states with near-total abortion bans. Very few, if any, of those pregnancies were ended by a legal in-state abortion, even if states had exceptions for rape

[…]

To understand how this affects survivors of rape, Samuel Dickman at reproductive health non-profit Planned Parenthood of Montana and his colleagues estimated rape-related pregnancies in these states between July 2022 and January 2024.

The researchers first looked at the most recent data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on rape incidents, which was collected between 2016 and 2017. From that, they could approximate the proportion of rapes that resulted in pregnancy nationwide each year.

They then used data from law enforcement to estimate the number of rape-related pregnancies in each state since abortion bans were enacted. The result suggests that almost 65,000 people became pregnant as a result of rape in the 14 states. More than 90 per cent of those individuals lived in states where there weren’t exceptions that allow for an abortion in the case of rape.

Even in states with exceptions, fewer than a dozen legal abortions are being performed each month. One reason for this is that these states no longer have abortion providers, says Dickman. Plus, “most of the states with rape exceptions require some amount of reporting to law enforcement”, he says. “That’s a decision many survivors of rape choose not to do.”

Most sexual assaults go unreported due to stigma and fear of retaliation. That is also why these findings are most likely to be an underestimate, says Dickman.

[…]

 

Source: US states had 65,000 rape-related pregnancies after banning abortion | New Scientist

ICANN proposes creating .INTERNAL domain which will never be used in root zone DNS

The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) has proposed creating a new top-level domain (TLD) and never allowing it to be delegated in the global domain name system (DNS) root.

The proposed TLD is .INTERNAL and, as the name implies, it’s intended for internal use only. The idea is that .INTERNAL could take on the same role as the 192.168.x.x IPv4 bloc – available for internal use but never plumbed into DNS or other infrastructure that would enable it to be accessed from the open internet.

[…]

A consultation process produced 35 candidate strings, each of which was checked to ensure it wasn’t already a TLD, and for “potential for confusing similarity, for length, and for its capacity to be memorable and meaningful.” Assessments were conducted for all six United Nations languages: Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish. That process saw many candidates “deemed unsuitable due to their lack of meaningfulness.”

For example, .DOMAIN was binned because it was felt not to “convey that its purpose is specifically for private-use applications.”

After years of debate, ICANN and other internet governance orgs were left with two viable candidates: .PRIVATE and .INTERNAL.

Last Thursday, ICANN announced [PDF] that .INTERNAL was its choice.

.PRIVATE lost out because assessors felt it “may carry the unintended imputation of privacy to a higher degree, and more potential was seen for conflicting meanings across the gamut of assessed languages.”

ICANN’s board still has to sign off the creation of .INTERNAL.

[…]

Source: ICANN proposes creating .INTERNAL domain • The Register

Well, this is a tld I know a lot of businesses have been using for decades, so it’s nice that ICANN is finally on to it. Good thing those people there are earning their money!

Hundreds of thousands of EU citizens ‘wrongly fined for driving in London Ulez’ in one of EUs largest privacy breaches

Hundreds of thousands of EU citizens were wrongly fined for driving in London’s Ulez clean air zone, according to European governments, in what has been described as “possibly one of the largest data breaches in EU history”.

The Guardian can reveal Transport for London (TfL) has been accused by five EU countries of illegally obtaining the names and addresses of their citizens in order to issue the fines, with more than 320,000 penalties, some totalling thousands of euros, sent out since 2021.

[…]

Since Brexit, the UK has been banned from automatic access to personal details of EU residents. Transport authorities in Belgium, Spain, Germany and the Netherlands have confirmed to the Guardian that driver data cannot be shared with the UK for enforcement of London’s ultra-low emission zone (Ulez), and claim registered keeper details were obtained illegally by agents acting for TfL’s contractor Euro Parking Collection.

In France, more than 100 drivers have launched a lawsuit claiming their details were obtained fraudulently, while Dutch lorry drivers are taking legal action against TfL over £6.5m of fines they claim were issued unlawfully.

According to the Belgian MP Michael Freilich, who has investigated the issue on behalf of his constituents, TfL is treating European drivers as a “cash cow” by using data obtained illegitimately to issue unjustifiable fines.

Many of the penalties have been issued to drivers who visited London in Ulez-compliant vehicles and were not aware they had to be registered with TfL’s collections agent Euro Parking at least 10 days before their visit.

Failure to register does not count as a contravention, according to Ulez rules, but some drivers have nonetheless received penalties of up to five-figure sums.

[…]

Some low-emission cars have been misclassed as heavy goods diesel vehicles and fined under the separate low-emission zone (Lez) scheme, which incurs penalties of up to £2,000 a day. Hundreds of drivers have complained that the fines arrived weeks after the early payment discount and appeals deadlines had passed.

One French driver was fined £25,000 for allegedly contravening Lez and Ulez rules, despite the fact his minibus was exempt.

[…]

EU countries say national laws allow the UK to access personal data only for criminal offences, not civil ones. Breaching Ulez rules is a civil offence, while more risky behaviour such as speeding or driving under the influence of drink or drugs can be a criminal offence. This raises the question of whether Euro Parking can legally carry out its contract with TfL.

Euro Parking was awarded a five-year contract by TfL in 2020 to recover debts from foreign drivers who had breached congestion or emission zone rules.

The company, which is paid according to its performance, is estimated to have earned between £5m and £10m. It has the option to renew for a further five years.

The firm is owned by the US transport technology group Verra Mobility, which is listed on the Nasdaq stock exchange and headed by the former Bank of America Merrill Lynch executive David Roberts. The company’s net revenue was $205m (£161m) in the second quarter of 2023.

In October, the Belgian government ordered a criminal investigation after a court bailiff was accused of illegally passing the details of 20,000 drivers to Euro Parking for Ulez enforcement. The bailiff was suspended in 2022 and TfL initially claimed that no Belgian data had been shared with Euro Parking since then. However, a freedom of information request by the Guardian found that more than 17,400 fines had been issued to Belgians in the intervening 19 months.

[…]

Campaigners accuse Euro Parking of circumventing data protection rules by using EU-based agents to request driver data without disclosing that it is for UK enforcement.

Last year, an investigation by the Dutch vehicle licensing authority RDW found that the personal details of 55,000 citizens had been obtained via an NCP in Italy. “The NCP informed us that the authorised users have used the data in an unlawful way and stopped their access,” a spokesperson said.

The German transport authority KBA claimed that an Italian NCP was used to obtain information from its database. “Euro Parking obtained the data through unlawful use of an EU directive to facilitate the cross-border exchange of information about traffic offences that endanger road safety,” a KBA spokesperson said. “The directive does not include breaches of environmental rules.”

Spain’s transport department told the Guardian that UK authorities were not allowed access to driver details for Ulez enforcement. Euro Parking has sent more than 25,600 fines to Spanish drivers since 2021.

In France, 102 drivers have launched a lawsuit claiming that their details were fraudulently obtained

[…]

Source: Hundreds of thousands of EU citizens ‘wrongly fined for driving in London Ulez’ | TfL | The Guardian

I guess Brexit has panned out economically much worse than we thought

Investigative Report Proves What Most People Already Suspected: The ‘War On Woke & DEI’ Mostly Pushed By A Bunch Of Censorial, Racist Shitheads

One of the dumber things we’ve seen over the last couple of years is the supposed “war on woke” and (more recently) attacks on “diversity, equity, and inclusion” efforts (often shortened to the acronym DEI). In almost every case, these attacks misrepresent reality to generate culture war bullshit, and make a bunch of false claims about how pretty fundamental and basic efforts to make sure that organizations are cognizant of historical and systematic biases, and seek to push back against them.

Of course, one thing I’ve noticed is how many of the people who are the most vocal against such things are also (simultaneously) claiming to be free speech supporters, even as they bend over backwards to attack and silence anyone pushing ideas, content, or culture that they consider “woke.” They are not free speech supporters. They’re not simply seeking to counter views they disagree with. They’re looking to suppress speech they disagree with.

This weekend, the NY Times had an article by Nicholas Confessore, detailing how the whole “war on woke” and the “anti-DEI crusade” is almost entirely manufactured by a group of censorial, racist shitheads. (The NY Times article, unfortunately, does not admit that the NY Times itself has played a fairly major role in platforming people pushing these ideas as if they were simply honest opinions, or its willingness to suggest that the people pushing them have legitimate, intellectually honest points to make).

Centered at the Claremont Institute, a California-based think tank with close ties to the Trump movement and to Gov. Ron DeSantis of Florida, the group coalesced roughly three years ago around a sweeping ambition: to strike a killing blow against “the leftist social justice revolution” by eliminating “social justice education” from American schools.

The documents — grant proposals, budgets, draft reports and correspondence, obtained through public-records requests — show how the activists formed a loose network of think tanks, political groups and Republican operatives in at least a dozen states. They sought funding from a range of right-leaning philanthropies and family foundations, and from one of the largest individual donors to Republican campaigns in the country. They exchanged model legislation, published a slew of public reports and coordinated with other conservative advocacy groups in states like Alabama, Maine, Tennessee and Texas.

As the Times’ report notes, one of the cornerstones of this effort (including pushing to get laws passed to suppress such content) is to claim it’s about “diversity of thought” and “intellectual freedom,” even though it’s literally the opposite. The entire purpose is to shut down diversity of thought and to stifle intellectual freedom… that these shitheads don’t like.

Yet even as they or their allies publicly advocated more academic freedom, some of those involved privately expressed their hope of purging liberal ideas, professors and programming wherever they could. They debated how carefully or quickly to reveal some of their true views — the belief that “a healthy society requires patriarchy,” for example, and their broader opposition to anti-discrimination laws — in essays and articles written for public consumption.

In candid private conversations, some wrote favorably of laws criminalizing homosexuality, mocked the appearance of a female college student as overly masculine and criticized Peter Thiel, the prominent gay conservative donor, over his sex life. In email exchanges with the Claremont organizers, the writer Heather Mac Donald derided working mothers who employed people from “the low IQ 3rd world” to care for their children and lamented that some Republicans still celebrated the idea of racially diverse political appointments.

What’s hilarious is that, in the article, they note that the folks working on this debated over how to demonize the phrase “diversity and inclusion,” saying maybe they should just focus on the last made-up bogeyman from a few years ago: “social justice.”

The documents the Times’ obtained show that there was no actual known problem with DEI efforts. It’s just that these are a bunch of censorial, racist, shitheads who wanted to attack anything that looked to make people aware of racism, and to silence them. And so, turning “woke” and “DEI” into slurs would effectively promote their racist viewpoints, while made up concerns about “harms” from these programs would push lawmakers to pass censorial laws that silenced people this crew disliked.

And, of course, they also knew that there was money in creating a new bogeyman:

“Woke” politics was not just a threat to American life. It was also a fund-raising opportunity. By spring 2021, as parents grew impatient with Covid school closures, or skeptical of “anti-racist” curriculums in the wake of the Floyd protests, Claremont officials had begun circulating urgent grant requests to right-leaning foundations.

“America is under attack by a leftist revolution disguised as a plea for justice” reminiscent of “Mao Zedong’s Cultural Revolution,” Claremont’s president, Ryan P. Williams, wrote in a draft proposal to the Jack Miller Family Foundation.

Basically, if you’ve ever gone around using “woke” as a pejorative, it means you’re a sucker for a grift. Congrats.

And, contrary to the claims of “academic freedom” and not pushing “ideological” content in schools, that’s exactly what these shitheads want to do:

In one exchange, some of those involved discussed how to marshal political power to replace left-wing orthodoxies with more “patriotic,” traditionalist curriculums.

“In support of ridding schools of C.R.T., the Right argues that we want nonpolitical education,” Mr. Klingenstein wrote in August 2021. “No we don’t. We want our politics. All education is political.”

Dr. Yenor appeared to agree, responding with some ideas for reshaping K-12 education. “An alternative vision of education must replace the current vision of education,” he wrote back.

I mean, I get it., These shitheads are dumb as rocks, and the grifters have been falsely claiming that public schools are indoctrinating kids with “woke” views (which is not at all what’s happening) so they publicly claim they want to take ideology out, when in reality, they want to put in their own ideology, believing it is the counter to what is actually happening. Of course, the reality is mostly that education is already non-ideological, and they’re just trying to make it so.

But the only way to justify that is to falsely claim the reverse is happening.

And, at the same time, they seek to couch all of these arguments in the framing of “academic freedom,” even when they clearly want the reverse. The Times’ piece details a conversation about how to defend a racist rant by a law professor, and so the plotters detailed how to frame the discussion around academic freedom, even if they actually hate academic freedom:

Now, Dr. Yenor advised his friend Dr. Azerrad to aim his statement at a liberal audience — to defend Dr. Wax on the grounds that if she were fired, it would only embolden red-state lawmakers to fire controversial left-wing professors.

“But don’t we want this to happen?” Dr. Azerrad asked.

“Yes,” replied Dr. Yenor. “But your audience doesn’t want it to happen.”

Basically: shithead censorial grifters.

Also making a big appearance in this mess, the American Principles Project, another group of censorial racist shitheads, which we wrote about for their strong support for “anti-big tech” laws like KOSA. Apparently, they did some polling to see if they could make “woke” and “DEI” seem bad (again, note that this has nothing to do with anything real — just what the polls say they can work), and found that most people didn’t actually give a shit:

In June, the American Principles Project circulated a memo detailing the results of several focus groups held to test different culture-war messages.

For all the conservative attacks on diversity programs, the group found, “the idea of woke or DEI received generally positive scores.

Of course, rather than move on to a real issue, these culture war chuds decided to just see what they could do to make people hate those terms, even if there was no legitimate reason to do so.

And, as the article details, the latest attack on DEI was also planned out, trying to leverage the recent rise in antisemitism following the Oct. 7 Hamas attacks and hostage-taking in Israel. It wasn’t because any of these shitheads actually cared about antisemitism. They just saw it as a huge opportunity to drive a culture war wedge into things, and push forward their censorial regime.

So, the next time you see this happening, know that it’s just a bunch of shitheads grifting. It’s not about freedom. It’s inherently anti-freedom. They’re literally trying to do exactly what they falsely accuse their opponents of doing. And they’re raising tons of money to keep it going.

I recognize that the many gullible suckers they’ve played with this nonsense will insist there’s something legitimate in these complaints. But it’s all manufactured bullshit.

Source: Investigative Report Proves What Most People Already Suspected: The ‘War On Woke & DEI’ Mostly Pushed By A Bunch Of Censorial, Racist Shitheads | Techdirt

OpenAI-New York Times Copyright Fight Further Illustrates Autonomy-Automaton Dichotomy

The latest dispute between the New York Times and OpenAI reinforces the distinction in understanding artificial intelligence (AI) between autonomy and automatons, which we have previously examined.

The Gray Lady turned heads late this past year when it filed suit against OpenAI, alleging that the artificial intelligence giant’s ChatGPT software infringed its copyrights. Broadly speaking, the Times alleged that the famous chatbot gobbled up enormous portions of the newspaper’s text and regurgitated it

Earlier this month, OpenAI struck back, arguing that the Times’ suit lacked merit and that the Gray Lady wasn’t “telling the full story.” So who’s right?

Via Adobe

To help understand the dispute, the autonomy-automaton dichotomy goes a long way. Recall that many AI enthusiasts contend that the new technology has achieved, or is approaching, independent activity, whether it can be described as what I previously labeled “a genuinely autonomous entity capable (now or soon) of cognition.” Into this school of thought fall many if not most OpenAI programmers and executives, techno-optimists like Marc Andreesen, and inventors and advocates for true AI autonomy like Stephen Thaler.

Arrayed against these AI exponents are the automaton-ers, a doughty bunch of computer scientists, intellectuals, and corporate types who consider artificial intelligence a mere reflection of its creators, or what I’ve called “a representation or avatar of its programmers.”

As we’ve seen, this distinction permeates the legal and policy debates over whether robots can be considered inventors for the purposes of awarding patents, whether they possess enough independence to warrant copyright protection as creators, and what rights and responsibilities should be attributed to them.

The same dichotomy applies to the TimesOpenAI battle. In its complaint, the newspaper alleged that ChatGPT and other generative AI products “were built by copying and using millions of The Times’s copyrighted news articles, in-depth investigations, opinion pieces, reviews, how-to guides, and more.” The complaint also claimed that OpenAI’s software “can generate output that recites Times content verbatim, closely summarizes it, and mimics its expressive style.” In short, the Times contended that ChatGPT and its ilk, far from creating works independently, copies, mimics, and generates content verbatim—like an automaton.

Finally, the Gray Lady argued in its complaint that OpenAI cannot shelter behind the fair use doctrine—which protects alleged copyright infringers who copy small portions of text, do not profit by them, or transform them into something new—because “there is nothing ‘transformative’ about” its use of the Times’s content. Denying that AI can genuinely create something new is a hallmark of the automaton mindset.

In contrast, in strenuously denying the NYT’s allegations, OpenAI expressly embraced autonomous themes. “Just as humans obtain a broad education to learn how to solve new problems,” the company said in its statement, “we want our AI models to observe the range of the world’s information, including from every language, culture, and industry.” Robots, like people, perceive and analyze data in order to resolve novel challenges independently.

In addition, OpenAI contended that “training AI models using publicly available internet materials is fair use, as supported by long-standing and widely accepted precedents.” From this perspective, exposing ChatGPT to a wide variety of publicly available content, far from enabling the chatbot to slavishly copy it, represents a step in training AI so that it can generate something new.

Finally, the AI giant downplayed the role of mimicry and verbatim copying trumpeted by the Times, asserting that “‘regurgitation’ is a rare bug that we are working to drive to zero” and characterizing “memorization [as] a rare failure of the learning process that we are continually making progress on.” In other words, even when acknowledging that, in certain limited circumstances, the Times may be correct, OpenAI reinforced the notion that AIs, like humans, learn and fail along the way. And to wrap it all in a bow, the company emphasized the “transformative potential of AI.”

Resolution of the battle between the automaton perspective exhibited by the Times and the autonomy paradigm exemplified by Open AI will go a long way to determining who will prevail in the parties’ legal fight.

Source: OpenAI-New York Times Copyright Fight Further Illustrates Autonomy-Automaton Dichotomy | American Enterprise Institute – AEI

A really balanced an informative piece showing the two different points of view. It’s nice to see something explain the situation without taking sides and pointing fingers in this issue.

The Galactic Habitable Zone

Our planet sits in the Habitable Zone of our Sun, the special place where water can be liquid on the surface of a world. But that’s not the only thing special about us: we also sit in the Galactic Habitable Zone, the region within the Milky Way where the rate of star formation is just right.

The Earth was born with all the ingredients necessary for life – something that most other planets lack. Water as a solvent. Carbon, with its ability to form long chains and bind to many other atoms, a scaffold. Oxygen, easily radicalized and transformable from element to element, to provide the chain reactions necessary to store and harvest energy. And more: hydrogen, phosphorous, nitrogen. Some elements fused in the hearts of stars, other only created in more violent processes like the deaths of the most massive stars or the collisions of exotic white dwarfs.

And with that, a steady, long-lived Sun, free of the overwhelming solar flares that could drown the system in deadly radiation, providing over 10 billion years of life-giving warmth. Larger stars burn too bright and too fast, their enormous gravitational weight accelerating the fusion reactions in their cores to a frenetic pace, forcing the stars to burn themselves out in only a few million years. And on the other end of the spectrum sit the smaller red dwarf stars, some capable of living for 10 trillion years or more. But that longevity does not come without a cost. With their smaller sizes, their fusion cores are not very far from their surfaces, and any changes or fluctuations in energy result in massive flares that consume half their faces – and irradiate their systems.

And on top of it all, our neighborhood in the galaxy, on a small branch of a great spiral arm situated about 25,000 light-years from the center, seems tuned for life: a Galactic Habitable Zone.

Too close to the center and any emerging life must contend with an onslaught of deadly radiation from countless stellar deaths and explosions, a byproduct of the cramped conditions of the core. Yes, stars come and go, quickly building up a lot of the heavy elements needed for life, but stars can be hundreds of times closer together in the core. The Earth has already suffered some extinction events likely triggered by nearby supernovae, and in that environment we simply wouldn’t stand a chance. Explosions would rip away our protective ozone layer, exposing surface life to deadly solar UV radiation, or just rip away our atmosphere altogether.

And beyond our position, at greater galactic radii, we find a deserted wasteland. Yes, stars appear and live their lives in those outskirts, but they are too far and too lonely to effectively spread their elemental ash to create a life-supporting mixture. There simply isn’t enough density of stars to support sufficient levels of mixing and recycling of elements, meaning that it’s difficult to even build a planet out there in the first place.

And so it seems that life would almost inevitably arise here, on this world, around this Sun, in this region of the Milky Way galaxy. There’s little else that we could conceivably call home.

Source: The Galactic Habitable Zone – Universe Today

Shameless Insult, Malicious Compliance, Junk Fees, Extortion Regime: Industry Reacts To Apple’s Proposed Changes Over Digital Markets Act

In response to new EU regulations, Apple on Thursday outlined plans to allow iOS developers to distribute apps outside the App Store starting in March, though developers must still submit apps for Apple’s review and pay commissions. Now critics say the changes don’t go far enough and Apple retains too much control.

Epic Games CEO Tim Sweeney: They are forcing developers to choose between App Store exclusivity and the store terms, which will be illegal under DMA (Digital Markets Act), or accept a new also-illegal anticompetitive scheme rife with new Junk Fees on downloads and new Apple taxes on payments they don’t process. 37signals’s David Heinemeier Hansson, who is also the creator of Ruby on Rails: Let’s start with the extortion regime that’ll befell any large developer who might be tempted to try hosting their app in one of these new alternative app stores that the EU forced Apple to allow. And let’s take Meta as a good example. Their Instagram app alone is used by over 300 million people in Europe. Let’s just say for easy math there’s 250 million of those in the EU. In order to distribute Instagram on, say, a new Microsoft iOS App Store, Meta would have to pay Apple $11,277,174 PER MONTH(!!!) as a “Core Technology Fee.” That’s $135 MILLION DOLLARS per year. Just for the privilege of putting Instagram into a competing store. No fee if they stay in Apple’s App Store exclusively.

Holy shakedown, batman! That might be the most blatant extortion attempt ever committed to public policy by any technology company ever. And Meta has many successful apps! WhatsApp is even more popular in Europe than Instagram, so that’s another $135M+/year. Then they gotta pay for the Facebook app too. There’s the Messenger app. You add a hundred million here and a hundred million there, and suddenly you’re talking about real money! Even for a big corporation like Meta, it would be an insane expense to offer all their apps in these new alternative app stores.

Which, of course, is the entire point. Apple doesn’t want Meta, or anyone, to actually use these alternative app stores. They want everything to stay exactly as it is, so they can continue with the rake undisturbed. This poison pill is therefore explicitly designed to ensure that no second-party app store ever takes off. Without any of the big apps, there will be no draw, and there’ll be no stores. All of the EU’s efforts to create competition in the digital markets will be for nothing. And Apple gets to send a clear signal: If you interrupt our tool-booth operation, we’ll make you regret it, and we’ll make you pay. Don’t resist, just let it be. Let’s hope the EU doesn’t just let it be.
Coalition of App Fairness, an industry body that represents over 70 firms including Tinder, Spotify, Proton, Tile, and News Media Europe: “Apple clearly has no intention to comply with the DMA. Apple is introducing new fees on direct downloads and payments they do nothing to process, which violates the law. This plan does not achieve the DMA’s goal to increase competition and fairness in the digital market — it is not fair, reasonable, nor non-discriminatory,” said Rick VanMeter, Executive Director of the Coalition for App Fairness.

“Apple’s proposal forces developers to choose between two anticompetitive and illegal options. Either stick with the terrible status quo or opt into a new convoluted set of terms that are bad for developers and consumers alike. This is yet another attempt to circumvent regulation, the likes of which we’ve seen in the United States, the Netherlands and South Korea. Apple’s ‘plan’ is a shameless insult to the European Commission and the millions of European consumers they represent — it must not stand and should be rejected by the Commission.”

Source: Shameless Insult, Malicious Compliance, Junk Fees, Extortion Regime: Industry Reacts To Apple’s Proposed Changes Over Digital Markets Act

Mozilla says Apple’s new browser rules are ‘as painful as possible’ for Firefox

Apple’s new rules in the European Union mean browsers like Firefox can finally use their own engines on iOS. Although this may seem like a welcome change, Mozilla spokesperson Damiano DeMonte tells The Verge it’s “extremely disappointed” with the way things turned out.

“We are still reviewing the technical details but are extremely disappointed with Apple’s proposed plan to restrict the newly-announced BrowserEngineKit to EU-specific apps,” DeMonte says. “The effect of this would be to force an independent browser like Firefox to build and maintain two separate browser implementations — a burden Apple themselves will not have to bear.”

[…]

“Apple’s proposals fail to give consumers viable choices by making it as painful as possible for others to provide competitive alternatives to Safari,” DeMonte adds. “This is another example of Apple creating barriers to prevent true browser competition on iOS.”

Mozilla isn’t the only developer critical of Apple’s new rules, which also extend to game streaming apps, alternative app stores, and sideloading. Epic CEO Tim Sweeney called the new terms a “horror show,” while Spotify said the changes are a “farce.” Apple’s guidelines are still pending approval by the EU Commission.

Source: Mozilla says Apple’s new browser rules are ‘as painful as possible’ for Firefox – The Verge

Apple Isn’t Ready to Release Its Grip on the App Store

[…] For the first time, new EU rules have forced the company to entertain the idea that you can shop for apps outside of Apple’s own App Store, as well as allow browsers other than Apple’s own Safari to run on iOS with their full suite of features.

Yet critics say those changes, although drastic, do not go far enough to comply with new EU rules, and a new fee system for developers reveals how Apple is not yet ready to release its grip on the App Store.

“The new fees and restrictions simply reinforce Apple’s hold over its ecosystem,” Andy Yen, founder and CEO of Swiss encrypted email and VPN provider, Proton, said in response to the changes.

[…]

The European Union’s solution was a law called the Digital Markets Act (DMA). The idea wasn’t to break up Big Tech, former French digital minister Cédric O explained in a press conference in 2022. Instead the law was designed to break these platforms open.

On January 25, the EU seemed like it was finally starting to succeed in that mission, when Apple shared the first details of how the residents of the EU’s 27 member states will soon be able to download apps from alternative app stores onto their iPhones and iPads. Developers will also be able to use third-party payment providers inside apps offered by the Apple App Store for free, and will pay a reduced commission of up to 17 percent for in-app goods and services, the company said.

[…]

Apple made it clear the company will maintain an element of control over the apps and new app stores operating on its devices—arguing this was necessary to reduce “privacy and security risks.” Apple said it will use a new system to track alternative app stores and payment systems, while charging developers a €0.50 ($0.54) “core technology fee” for every download—made through Apple’s App Store or an alternative—once an app is downloaded more than one million times.

“Especially for the big app developers with loads of downloads, who are the ones that really Apple make all their money from, that will rack up to a very high cost very quickly,” says Max von Thun, Europe director at Open Markets, a group dedicated to campaigning against monopolies.

[…]

The caveats sparked outrage from developers that had been hoping to benefit from DMA-inspired changes. “Allowing alternative payments and marketplaces seems positive on the surface, but the strings attached to Apple’s new policies mean that in practice it will be impossible for developers to benefit from them,” Proton’s Yen said in a statement. “Apple will continue stifling competition and innovation, and taking a cut even when developers opt out of its walled garden.”

Tim Sweeney, founder and CEO of Epic Games, went further, accusing Apple on X of “twisting this process to undermine competition and continue imposing Apple taxes on transactions they’re not involved in.”

[…]

With just a matter of weeks until the EU’s March deadline, Apple and developers alike will soon find out whether the EU thinks those changes have gone far enough.

Source: Apple Isn’t Ready to Release Its Grip on the App Store | WIRED

Palworld Is a Great Example Of The Idea/Expression Dichotomy | Techdirt

When it comes to copyright suits or conflicts that never should have existed, one of the most common misunderstandings that births them is not understanding the idea/expression dichotomy in copyright law. Even to most laypeople, once you explain it, it’s quite simple. You can copyright a specific expression of something, such as literature, recorded music, etc., but you cannot copyright a general idea. So, while Superman may be subject to copyright protections as a character and in depictions of that character, you cannot copyright a superhero that flies, wears a cape, shoots beams from his eyes, and has super strength. For evidence of that, see: Homelander from The Boys.

But while Homelander is a good case study in the protections offered by the idea/expression dichotomy, a more perfect one might be the recently released PC game Palworld, which has often been described as “Pokémon, but with guns.” This thing is a megahit already, hitting Early Access mid-January and also already hitting 1 million concurrent players. And if you’re wondering just how “Pokémon, but with guns” this game is, well…

The art styles are similar, it’s essentially a monster-collecting game involving battles, etc. and so on. You get it. And this has led to a whole lot of speculation out there that all of this somehow constitutes copyright infringement, or plagiarism, on the part of publisher PocketPair. There is likewise speculation that it’s only a matter of time before Nintendo, Game Freak, or The Pokémon Co. sues the hell out of PocketPair over all of this.

And that may still happen — the Pokemon company says it’s investigating Palworld. All of those companies have shown themselves to be voracious IP enforcers, after all. But the fact is that there is nothing in this game that is a direct copy of any expression owned by any of those entities. To that end, when asked about any concerns over lawsuits, PocketPair is taking a very confident posture.

On the other hand, we had a chance to talk to PocketPair’s CEO Takuro Mizobe before Palworld’s release, and addressing this topic, Mizobe mentioned that Palworld has cleared legal reviews, and that there has been no action taken against it by other companies. Mizobe shared PocketPair’s stance on the issue, stating, “We make our games very seriously, and we have absolutely no intention of infringing upon the intellectual property of other companies.” 

Mizobe has also commented that, in his personal opinion, Palworld is not at all that similar to Pokémon, even citing other IPs that Palworld more closely resembles. (Related article) He encouraged users to see past the rumors and give Palworld a chance.  

And he’s right. The game mechanics themselves go far beyond anything Pokémon has on offer. And while we can certainly say that even some of the Pals themselves look as though they were inspired by some well-known Pokémon, there are more than enough differences in sum-total to make any claim that this is some kind of direct ripoff simply untrue. Some of the ideas are very, very similar. The expression, however, is different.

In addition to the legal review that Mizobe mentioned, it’s not like the game as a concept has been kept a secret, either.

Though it released just a few days ago, Palworld’s concept and content has been open to the public for quite a while, and were even presented at the Tokyo Game Show in both 2022 and 2023. Many users are of the opinion that, if there were basis for plagiarism-related legal action, the relevant parties would have already acted by now. 

I would normally agree, but in this case, well, it’s Pokémon and Nintendo, so who knows. Maybe legal action is coming, maybe not. If it does come, however, it should fail. And fail miserably. All because of the idea/expression dichotomy.

Source: Palworld Is a Great Example Of The Idea/Expression Dichotomy | Techdirt

It’s quite fortunate that Palworld has sold millions of copies quickly, because that means they should have the funds to withstand a legal onslaught from Nintendo. In justice it’s not often if you are right, but if you are rich.

EU forces Apple to open up to third-party app stores and payments. Details emerge what it will look like.

Apple is making major changes to the App Store and other core parts of iOS in Europe in response to new European Union laws. Beginning in March, Apple will allow users within the EU to download apps and make purchases from outside of its App Store. The company is already testing many of these changes in its iOS 17.4 beta, which is available now to developers.

Apple has long resisted many of these changes, arguing that it would leave users susceptible to scams, malware and other privacy and security issues. But under the EU’s Digital Markets Act, which goes into effect March 7, major tech companies like Apple are required to make significant changes to their businesses.

[…]

The most significant changes will be for developers, who will be able to take payments and distribute apps from outside of the App Store for the first time. Under the new rules, Apple will still enforce a review process for apps that don’t come through its store. Called “Notarization,” the review will use automation and human reviewers and will be “focused on platform integrity and protecting users” from things like malware. But the company notes it has “less ability to address other risks — including apps that contain scams, fraud, and abuse, or that expose users to illicit, objectionable, or harmful content.”

Apple is also changing its often-criticized commission structure so that developers will pay 17 percent on subscriptions and in-app purchases with the fee reducing to 10 percent for “most developers” after the first year.

At the same time, Apple is tacking on a new 3 percent “payment processing” fee for transactions that go through its store. And a new “core technology fee” will charge a flat €0.50 fee for all app downloads, regardless of whether they come from the App Store or a third-party website, after the first 1 million installations.

[…]

pple will offer new APIs that will allow app makers to access the iPhone’s NFC chip for wireless payments, enabling tap-to-pay transactions that don’t rely on Apple Pay.

It’s also making a tweak to its Safari web browser so that iOS users in Europe will be immediately prompted about whether they want to change their default browser the first time they launch the app after the iOS 17.4 update. Additionally, browser developer will be able to use an engine besides Apple’s own WebKit, which could lead to browsers like Chrome and Firefox releasing new versions using their own technology for rendering sites.

[…]

Source: Apple details how third-party app stores and payments will work in Europe

So… I wonder how many apps will easily find their way through the “Notarization” process? And how do they justify charging for downloads from stores they do not own? It can not possibly be in the spirit of the EU laws to allow this.

Newly discovered smoking stars emit huge clouds.

Astronomers have discovered stars that appear to be blowing out plumes of smoke. The “old smokers”, as they have been nicknamed, challenge our ideas of what happens at the end of giant stars’ lives.

Generally, when red giant stars grow old, they begin to pulsate. They become brighter, dimmer, brighter again and so on, while simultaneously throwing off their outer layers. These pulsating stars are called Mira variables, and it is thought that the pulses are caused by waves of plasma travelling within the stars that help them shed material into space.

 

Read more

Is the universe conscious? It seems impossible until you do the maths

 

When Philip Lucas at the University of Hertfordshire in the UK and his colleagues peered towards the centre of our galaxy using the Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy in Chile, they saw many Mira variables – but they also spotted something else. “These old red giants not doing any pulsating – they’re just sitting there as normal and then suddenly dimming for six months to several years,” says Lucas. “This is almost completely unheard of.”

Further observations revealed that the stars seem to be emitting huge plumes of dusty smoke that prevents their starlight reaching us. The smoke takes months to years to dissipate, offering an explanation for the prolonged dimming. This may be a new way for giant stars to end their lives, but it is unclear how or why it is happening.

The enormity of these stars gives them a powerful gravitational field that makes it difficult for them to blow any of their material away. The fact that they are not pulsating makes it even harder to explain the plumes of smoke. Lucas suggests that it may be connected to the high concentration of relatively heavy elements near the galactic centre, where most of these old smokers are located. That could make it easier for grains of dust to form and then float away as smoke. “It’s quite possible that it’s not that, but it’s the only thing that’s really weird about that region that could be connected,” he says.

The researchers are now looking for more of these strange stars – they have found about 90 so far, Lucas says. Their prevalence suggests that they could be important to the environment in the centre of the Milky Way, and maybe even more so in other galaxies with more heavy elements.

 

Journal reference:

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stad3929

Source: Newly discovered smoking stars emit huge clouds and we don’t know why | New Scientist

Florida EV Buyers Shocked To Learn Their Cars Eat Tires

EV buyers are often motivated by a desire to save money on gas and/or drive something more environmentally friendly. But, a recent story out of Florida in The Miami Herald details how EV owners there have been blindsided by how fast they’re having to change the tires on their EVs.

The Herald spoke with the owner of a shop that specializes in EV repair who told them just how often he’s seeing owners in for tire wear and replacement.

At EV Garage Miami, a Sweetwater repair shop that services 90 percent electric vehicles, lead technician Jonathan Sanchez said tires are the most frequent thing customers come in about, no matter what model or make of EV they’re driving. Tire mileage can vary widely of course, but he frequently changes EV tires at just 8,000 to 10,000 miles — a fourth or even fifth of typical tire wear on a gas-burning car.

Neil Semel, the owner of a Mercedes EQS, told The Herald that if he had known how often he would be buying tires, he would’ve never bought the car. “If somebody looked at me and said, Mr. Semel, you are going to love this car but in about 7,000 miles you will have to pay 1,400 or 1,500 dollars to replace the tires, I wouldn’t have bought the car,” he said.

So why the fast wear? It’s a combination of lots of power that can be put down instantly and wild curb weights. But it also comes down to individual driving style, as Sanchez pointed out. “If you drive like grandma, the type of car shouldn’t make a difference,” Sanchez said.

What do tire companies have to say about all of this? They’re aware of the problem and are working on EV-specific solutions. Like Michelin who spoke to The Herald:

Michelin suggests getting the Primacy tire for electric vehicles, which they say offers an up to 7% increase in range. Michelin also launched “Self seal” which would self-repair punctures and cut back on some weight by not needing to keep a spare wheel in the back.

[…]

Source: Florida EV Buyers Shocked To Learn Their Cars Eat Tires

Akira ransomware gang says it stole personnel passport scans and other PII from Lush

The Akira ransomware gang is claiming responsiblity for the “cybersecurity incident” at British bath bomb merchant.

Akira says it has stolen 110 GB of data from the UK-headquartered global cosmetics giant, which has more than 900 stores worldwide, allegedly including “a lot of personal documents” such as passport scans.

Passport scans are routinely collected to verify identities during the course of the hiring process, which suggests Akira’s affiliate likely had access to a system containing staff-related data.

Company documents relating to accounting, finances, tax, projects, and clients are also said to be included in the archives grabbed by the cybercriminals, who are threatening to make the data public soon. There is still no evidence to suggest customer data was exposed.

Akira’s retro-vibe website separates victims into different sections: One for companies who didn’t pay the ransom and thus had their data published, and another for those whose data is to be published on an undisclosed date.

A likely conclusion to draw, if the incident does indeed involve ransomware as the criminals claim, is that there may have been negotiations which have stalled, with Akira using the threat of data publication as a means to hurry along the talks.

The Register approached Lush for comment. Its representatives acknowledged the request but did not provide a statement in time for publication.

Lush last communicated about the situation on January 11, saying it was responding to an “incident” and working with outside forensic experts to investigate the issue – often phrasing used in a ransomware attack.

“The investigation is at an early stage but we have taken immediate steps to secure and screen all systems in order to contain the incident and limit the impact on our operations,” it said. “We take cybersecurity exceptionally seriously and have informed relevant authorities.”

The statement came a day after a post was made to the unofficial Lush Reddit community. Written by a user who seemingly had inside knowledge of the incident, the post claimed members of staff were instructed to send their laptops to head office for “cleaning” – an assertion that El Reg understands to be true.

[…]

Source: Akira ransomware gang says it stole passport scans from Lush • The Register

Dutch COVID-19 testing firm Coronalab exposed 1.3 million patient records

A password-less database containing an estimated 1.3 million sets of Dutch COVID-19 testing records was left exposed to the open internet, and it’s not clear if anyone is taking responsibility.

Among the information revealed in the publicly accessible and seemingly insecurely configured database were 118,441 coronavirus test certificates, 506,663 appointment records, 660,173 testing samples and “a small number” of internal files. A bevy of personally identifiable information was included in the records – including patient names, dates of birth, passport numbers, email addresses, and other information.

The leaky database was discovered by perennial breach sniffer Jeremiah Fowler, who reckoned it belongs to one of the Netherlands’ largest commercial COVID-19 test providers, CoronaLab – a subsidiary of Amsterdam-based Microbe & Lab. The US Embassy in the Netherlands lists CoronaLab as one of its recommended commercial COVID-19 test providers in the country.

If someone with malicious intent managed to find the database they could do some serious damage, Fowler warned.

“Criminal[s] could potentially reference test dates, locations, or other insider information that only the patient and the laboratory would know,” he wrote. “Any potential exposure involving COVID test data combined with PII could potentially compromise the personal and medical privacy of the individuals listed in the documents.”

Will the responsible party please stand up?

The CoronaLab data exposure report reads in many ways like any other accidental data exposure news: It was found, and now the offending database is offline. But this one isn’t that simple.

According to Fowler, no-one at CoronaLab or Microbe & Lab ever responded to his repeated attempts to reach out and inform them of the exposure.

“I sent multiple responsible disclosure notices and did not receive any reply, and several phone calls also yielded no results,” Fowler claimed. “The database remained open for nearly three weeks before I contacted the cloud hosting provider and it was finally secured from public access.”

The Register has asked Microbe & Lab to get more information about the incident – and we haven’t heard back either.

Without more information from Microbe & Lab or CoronaLab itself, it’s impossible to know how long the database was actually exposed online. The CoronaLab website is down as of this writing – it’s not clear if the outage is related to the database exposure, or if the service will be brought back online.

Because no-one at the organization whose records were exposed can be reached, it’s also not clear if customers or patients are aware that their data was exposed online. Nor, importantly, do we know if European data protection authorities have been informed.

Per article 33 of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), data breaches must be reported to local officials within 72 hours of detection, and notifications also have to be made to affected individuals. We reached out to the Dutch Data Protection Authority to learn if it had been notified of the CoronaLab data exposure, and didn’t immediately hear back.

Source: COVID-19 testing firm ‘exposed 1.3 million patient records’ • The Register

Hubble finds water vapor in small exoplanet’s atmosphere

Astronomers using the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope observed the smallest exoplanet where water vapor has been detected in its atmosphere. At only approximately twice Earth’s diameter, the planet GJ 9827d could be an example of potential planets with water-rich atmospheres elsewhere in our galaxy.

GJ 9827d was discovered by NASA’s Kepler Space Telescope in 2017. It completes an orbit around a every 6.2 days. The star, GJ 9827, lies 97 light-years from Earth in the constellation Pisces.

“This would be the first time that we can directly show through an atmospheric detection that these with water-rich atmospheres can actually exist around other stars,” said team member Björn Benneke of the Université de Montréal. “This is an important step toward determining the prevalence and diversity of atmospheres on .”

The study is published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters.

However, it remains too early to tell whether Hubble spectroscopically measured a small amount of in a puffy hydrogen-rich atmosphere, or if the planet’s atmosphere is mostly made of water, left behind after a primeval hydrogen/helium atmosphere evaporated under stellar radiation.

[…]

At present the team is left with two possibilities. The planet is still clinging to a hydrogen-rich envelope laced with water, making it a mini-Neptune. Alternatively, it could be a warmer version of Jupiter’s moon Europa, which has twice as much water as Earth beneath its crust. “The planet GJ 9827d could be half water, half rock. And there would be a lot of water vapor on top of some smaller rocky body,” said Benneke.

[…]

More information: Pierre-Alexis Roy et al, Water Absorption in the Transmission Spectrum of the Water World Candidate GJ 9827 d, The Astrophysical Journal Letters (2023). DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/acebf0

Source: Hubble finds water vapor in small exoplanet’s atmosphere

The US really really wants private companies out of EU AI Human Rights treaty – because you can trust them more than governments?

[…] The Council of Europe (CoE), an international human rights body with 46 member countries, is approaching the finalisation of the Convention on Artificial Intelligence, Human Rights, Democracy, and the Rule of Law.

Since the beginning, the United States, the homeland of the world’s leading AI companies, has been pushing to exclude the private sector from the treaty, which, if ratified, would be binding for the signature country.

The United States is not a CoE member but participates in the process with an observer status. In other words, Washington does not have voting rights, but it can influence the discussion by saying it will not sign the convention.

[…]

By contrast, the European Commission, representing the EU in the negotiations, has opposed this carve out for the private sector. Two weeks ago, Euractiv revealed an internal note stating that “the Union should not agree with the alternative proposal(s) that limit the scope of the convention.”

However, in a consequent meeting of the Working Party on Telecommunications and Information Society, the technical body of the EU Council of Ministers in charge of digital policy, several member states asked the Commission to show more flexibility regarding the convention’s scope.

In particular, for countries like Germany, France, Spain, Czechia, Estonia, Ireland, Hungary and Romania, the intent of the treaty was to reach a global agreement, hence securing more signatories should be a priority as opposed to a broad convention with more limited international support.

Being composed of 27 countries out of the 46 that are part of the Council of Europe, the position of the bloc can in itself swing the balance inside the human rights body, where the decisions are taken by consensus.

The European Commission is preparing to push back on a US-led attempt to exempt the private sector from the world’s first international treaty on Artificial Intelligence while pushing for as much alignment as possible with the EU’s AI Act.

Limiting the convention’s scope would be a significant blow to the Commission’s global ambitions, which sees the treaty as a vehicle to set the EU’s AI Act, the world’s first comprehensive law on Artificial Intelligence, as the global benchmark in this area.

Indeed, the Commission’s mandate to negotiate on behalf of the Union is based on the AI Act, and the EU executive has shown little appetite to go beyond the AI regulation even in areas where there is no direct conflict, despite the fact the two initiatives differ significantly in nature.

As part of the alignment with the AI Act, the Commission is pushing for broad exemptions for AI uses in national security, defence and law enforcement. Thus, if the treaty was limited to only public bodies, with these carve-outs, there would be very little left.

In addition, Euractiv understands that such a major watering down of the AI treaty after several years of engagement from the countries involved might also discourage future initiatives in this area.

[…]

a paragraph has been added stressing that “to preserve the international character of the convention, the EU could nevertheless be open to consider the possibility for a Party to make a reservation and release itself from the obligation to apply the convention to private actors that are not acting on behalf of or procuring AI systems for public authorities, under certain conditions and limitations”.

The Commission’s proposal seems designed to address Washington’s argument that they cannot commit to anything beyond their national legal framework.

In October, US President Joe Biden signed an executive order setting out a framework for federal agencies to purchase and use AI tools safely and responsibly, hence the reference to companies not working with the public sector.

More precisely, the Commission is proposing an ‘opt-out’ option with temporal limitations, that can be revised at any time and with some guarantees that it is not abused. This approach would be the opposite of what the US administration proposed, namely exempting the private sector by default with an ‘opt-in’ possibility for signatories.

Still, the original ‘opt-in’ option was designed to avoid the embarrassment of the US administration having to exempt private companies from a human rights treaty. Euractiv understands Israel and Japan would not sign if the ‘opt-out’ approach made it into the final text, whereas the UK and Canada would follow the US decision.

Source: EU Commission’s last-minute attempt to keep private companies in world’s first AI treaty – Euractiv

So the US basically wants to make a useful treaty useless because they are run by self serving, profit seeking companies that want to trample on human rights. Who would have thought? Hopefully the EU can show some backbone and do what is right instead of what is being financially lobbied for (here’s looking at you, France!). It’s this kind of business based decision making that has led to climate change, cancer deaths, and many many more huge problems that could have been nipped in the bud.

iPhone Apps Secretly Harvest Data When They Send You Notifications, Researchers Find

iPhone apps including Facebook, LinkedIn, TikTok, and X/Twitter are skirting Apple’s privacy rules to collect user data through notifications, according to tests by security researchers at Mysk Inc., an app development company. Users sometimes close apps to stop them from collecting data in the background, but this technique gets around that protection. The data is unnecessary for processing notifications, the researchers said, and seems related to analytics, advertising, and tracking users across different apps and devices.

It’s par for the course that apps would find opportunities to sneak in more data collection, but “we were surprised to learn that this practice is widely used,” said Tommy Mysk, who conducted the tests along with Talal Haj Bakry. “Who would have known that an innocuous action as simple as dismissing a notification would trigger sending a lot of unique device information to remote servers? It is worrying when you think about the fact that developers can do that on-demand.”

These particular apps aren’t unusual bad actors. According to the researchers, it’s a widespread problem plaguing the iPhone ecosystem.

This isn’t the first time Mysk’s tests have uncovered data problems at Apple, which has spent untold millions convincing the world that “what happens on your iPhone, stays on your iPhone.” In October 2023, Mysk found that a lauded iPhone feature meant to protect details about your WiFi address isn’t as private as the company promises. In 2022, Apple was hit with over a dozen class action lawsuits after Gizmodo reported on Mysk’s finding that Apple collects data about its users even after they flip the switch on an iPhone privacy setting that promises to “disable the sharing of device analytics altogether.”

The data looks like information that’s used for “fingerprinting,” a technique companies use to identify you based on several seemingly innocuous details about your device. Fingerprinting circumvents privacy protections to track people and send them targeted ads

[…]

For example, the tests showed that when you interact with a notification from Facebook, the app collects IP addresses, the number of milliseconds since your phone was restarted, the amount of free memory space on your phone, and a host of other details. Combining data like these is enough to identify a person with a high level of accuracy. The other apps in the test collected similar information. LinkedIn, for example, uses notifications to gather which timezone you’re in, your display brightness, and what mobile carrier you’re using, as well as a host of other information that seems specifically related to advertising campaigns, Mysk said.

[…]

Apps can collect this kind of data about you when they’re open, but swiping an app closed is supposed to cut off the flow of data and stop an app from running whatsoever. However, it seems notifications provide a backdoor.

Apple provides special software to help your apps send notifications. For some notifications, the app might need to play a sound or download text, images, or other information. If the app is closed, the iPhone operating system lets the app wake up temporarily to contact company servers, send you the notification, and perform any other necessary business. The data harvesting Mysk spotted happened during this brief window.

[…]

Source: iPhone Apps Secretly Harvest Data When They Send You Notifications, Researchers Find

France fines Amazon $35 million over intrusive employee surveillance

France’s data privacy watchdog organization, the CNIL, has fined a logistics subsidiary of Amazon €32 million, or $35 million in US dollars, over the company’s use of an “overly intrusive” employee surveillance system. The CNIL says that the system employed by Amazon France Logistique “measured work interruptions with such accuracy, potentially requiring employees to justify every break or interruption.”

Of course, this system was forced on the company’s warehouse workers, as they seem to always get the short end of the Amazon stick. The CNIL says the surveillance software tracked the inactivity of employees via a mandatory barcode scanner that’s used to process orders. The system tracks idle time as interruptions in barcode scans, calling out employees for periods of downtime as low as one minute. The French organization ruled that the accuracy of this system was illegal, using Europe’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) as a legal basis for the ruling.

To that end, this isn’t being classified as a labor case, but rather a data processing case regarding excessive monitoring. “As implemented, the processing is considered to be excessively intrusive,” the CNIL wrote, noting that Amazon uses this data to assess employee performance on a weekly basis. The organization also noted that Amazon held onto this data for all employees and temporary workers.

[…]

Source: France fines Amazon $35 million over ‘intrusive’ employee surveillance

Samsung expands self-repair program to include home entertainment devices

Samsung just announced that its self-repair program will now include certain home entertainment devices. The company has developed a range of step-by-step repair guides for various products in the category, in addition to providing genuine replacement parts and repair tools.

This program covers Samsung 2023 TVs, along with their remotes, and monitors released throughout the past year or so. Additionally, the self-repair program now includes the second-generation Freestyle projector and select soundbars. You can pick up replacement parts directly from the company.

Of course, the program doesn’t cover every repair issue. For TVs and monitors, the program only handles issues related to the picture, power, WiFi connection, sound and remote control. For soundbars, the program covers problems related to HDMI and optical connections, power, sound and wireless communication. According to Samsung, most of these issues can be fixed with common tools like a Phillips-head screwdriver.

The company’s been on something of a self-repair spree in recent months. Back in December, Samsung opened up the program to foldable devices, like the Galaxy Z Flip 5 and Z Fold 5. In the first part of 2023, the company added S22 and Galaxy Book devices to the program, joining pre-existing Galaxy products.

To that end, Samsung just announced a broader assortment of self-repair parts for devices already included in the program. This includes speakers, SIM trays, side keys, volume keys, display assemblies, back glass and charging ports for phones and tablets. Galaxy Book owners can also now conduct DIY repairs to fix the speakers and fan. Meanwhile, rival Apple doesn’t exactly have the best track record in the self-repair movement.

Source: Samsung expands self-repair program to include home entertainment devices

It’s good to see a return to being able to repair stuff. Not only does this make repairs cheaper, faster and easier but also it allows you to keep your device running for far longer. Considering the amount of damage being done to the environment by electronic device junk, is absolutely a good thing.

Animals Can See Colors We Can’t. A New camera method gives us a good idea.

The rainbow looks different to a human than it does to a honeybee or a zebra finch. That’s because these animals can see colors that we humans simply can’t. Now scientists have developed a new video recording and analysis technique to better understand how the world looks through the eyes of other species. The accurate and relatively inexpensive method, described in a study published on January 23 in PLOS Biology, is already offering biologists surprising discoveries about the lives of different species.

Humans have three types of cone cells in their eyes. This trio of photoreceptors typically detects red, green and blue wavelengths of light, which combine into millions of distinct colors in the spectrum from 380 to 700 nanometers in wavelength—what we call “visible light.” Some animals, though, can see light with even higher frequencies, called ultraviolet, or UV, light. Most birds have this ability, along with honeybees, reptiles and certain bony fish.

[…]

To capture animal vision on video, Vasas and her colleagues developed a portable 3-D-printed enclosure containing a beam splitter that separates light into UV and the human-visible spectrum. The two streams are captured by two different cameras. One is a standard camera that detects visible-wavelength light, and the other is a modified camera that is sensitive to UV. On its own, the UV-sensitive camera wouldn’t be able to record detailed information on the rest of the light spectrum in a single shot. But paired together, the two cameras can simultaneously record high-quality video that encompasses a wide range of the light spectrum. Then a set of algorithms aligns the two videos and produces versions of the footage that are representative of different animals’ color views, such as those of birds or bees.

[…]

Capturing video in this way “fills a really important gap in our ability to model animal vision,” says Jolyon Troscianko, a visual ecologist at the University of Exeter in England, who wasn’t involved in the new research. He notes that in nature, “a lot of interesting things move,” such as animals that are engaging in mating dances or rapid defense displays. Until now, researchers studying these dynamic behaviors have been stuck with the human perspective.

[…]

The technique is already revealing unseen phenomena of the natural world, she adds: for example, by recording an iridescent peacock feather rotating under a light, the researchers found shifts in color that are even more vibrant to fellow peafowl than they are to humans. Vasas and her colleagues also captured the brief startle display of a black swallowtail caterpillar and saw for the first time that its hornlike defense appendages are UV-reflective.

A caterpillar’s antipredator display, as seen by a bee.
A caterpillar’s antipredator display, as seen by a bee. Credit: “Recording Animal-View Videos of the Natural World Using a Novel Camera System and Software Package,” by Vera Vasas et al., in PLOS Biology, Vol. 22, No. 1. Published online January 23, 2024 (CC BY 4.0)

“None of these things were hypotheses that we had in advance,” Vasas says. Moving forward, “I think it will reveal a lot of things that I can’t yet imagine.”

[…]

Source: Animals Can See Colors We Can’t–And New Tech Offers Us a Glimpse | Scientific American