Antidepressants rapidly alter brain architecture

A single dose of a popular class of psychiatric drug used to treat depression can alter the brain’s architecture within hours, even though most patients usually don’t report improvement for weeks, a new study suggests.

More than 1 in 10 adults in the U.S. use these drugs, which adjust the availability of a chemical transmitter in the brain, serotonin, by blocking the way it is reabsorbed. The so-called Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, or SSRIs, include Prozac, Lexapro, Celexa, Paxil and Zoloft.

via Antidepressants rapidly alter brain architecture, study finds – LA Times.

ads showing sexy women make male consumers less charitable

What happens when you use images of sexy women to attract men’s attention? According to a new study in the Journal of Consumer Research, male consumers who are shown images of sexy women feel less connected to other people and are less likely to purchase products advertised as benefiting others or make charitable contributions.

via Do ads showing sexy women make male consumers less charitable?.

Bradley Manning now Chelsea Manning

Bradley Manning of WikiLeaks fame is now a woman, which raises special problems for the US Military.

“The soldier has asked for hormone therapy and to be able to live as a woman.

The request was the first ever made by a transgender military inmate and set up a dilemma for the Defense Department: How to treat a soldier for a diagnosed disorder without violating long-standing military policy. Transgender people are not allowed to serve in the U.S. military and the Defense Department does not provide such treatment, but Manning can’t be discharged from the service while serving her 35-year prison sentence. […]

Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel last month gave the Army approval to try to work out a transfer plan with the Federal Bureau of Prisons, which does provide such treatment”

So it’s a breakout from military prison to go to a civil one…

Pentagon OKs Manning Transfer for Gender Treatment | Military.com.

What makes an image popular?

Using a dataset of about 2.3 million images from Flickr, we demonstrate that we can reliably predict the normalized view count of images with a rank correlation of 0.81 using both image content and social cues. In this paper, we show the importance of image cues such as color, gradients, deep learning features and the set of objects present, as well as the importance of various social cues such as number of friends or number of photos uploaded that lead to high or low popularity of images.

via What makes an image popular?.

The page also has a demo tool where you can upload your photo for a score.

Predicting Successful Memes using Network and Community Structure [on Twitter]

Lilian Weng, Filippo Menczer, Yong-Yeol Ahn from Cornell University have created a model that can take a small amount of tweets and tell 2 months in advance whether the tweets will go viral and become a meme or not.

This is a network based model, that takes into account:

connectivity: number of early adopters, size of first and second surfaces (uninfected neighbours of early adopters);
distance: path length between consecutive users, variability in path length and maximum path length between any 2 adopters;
community features: number of communities with at least 1 adopter, how tweets or adopters of a given meme are scattered or concentrated across communities and intra-community interaction;
growth rate features: time between steps in the path and the variability of this time.

Their model is compared to 5 other models and comes out favoribly.

Whether the model can be adapted to other social networks is unclear.

[1403.6199] Predicting Successful Memes using Network and Community Structure.

We Are More Likely to Lie in the Afternoon

If you want to catch someone in a lie, you’ll raise your odds in the afternoon because most people are more likely to cheat or lie then, as opposed to in the morning

The researchers also found that people who tend to cheat regularly were just as likely to do so in the morning as in the afternoon. It was the more ethical folks who suffered lapses as the day wore on

via We Are More Likely to Lie in the Afternoon: Scientific American Podcast.

Shifting employee bonuses from self to others increases satisfaction and productivity at work

Providing employees with a bonus to spend on charities or co-workers may increase job satisfaction and team sales, according to results published September 18 in the open access journal PLOS ONE by Lalin Anik from the Fuqua School of Business at Duke University and colleagues from other institutions.Read more at: http://phys.org/news/2013-09-shifting-employee-bonuses-satisfaction-productivity.html#jCp

http://phys.org/news/2013-09-shifting-employee-bonuses-satisfaction-productivity.html

The effect of subliminal priming on sleep duration

Two experiments primed college students with either sleep-related or neutral words and then assessed sleep during a 25 minute nap period. Both experiments showed that participants primed with sleep-related words reported having slept longer than did those primed with neutral words. Furthermore, both experiments showed that sleep-primed participants exhibited lower heart rate. Experiment 2 also revealed that the effect of the priming manipulation was especially strong among participants who had trouble sleeping. This suggests that priming might be a cost-effective treatment for inducing sleep among people with sleep problems.

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jasp.12123/abstract

You do the priming by writing words like relax, comfy, warm, etc where you can read them from bed

Google Ngram Viewer

This tool allows you to view how often case-sensitive comma-separated phrases appear in Google Books (until 2008 as far as I can see) from various languages. Interesting to see

Love

scores a lot lower than

Sex

and “yes we can” was popular in 1930 – 1935 as well as 1944 – 1950 and started on a growth well before Obama came along in 1990.

Oddly enough, “I have a dream” has also been making a comeback since the 1980s

Corked Wine Plugs Up Your Nose

Ever send a bottle of wine back at a restaurant? If you weren’t just being a pretentious snob, then it was probably because the wine seemed “corked”—had a musty odor and didn’t taste quite right. Most likely, the wine was contaminated with a molecule called 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA), the main cause of cork taint. But a new study by Japanese researchers concludes that you do not smell TCA directly; rather, TCA blocks up your sense of smell and distorts your ability to detect odors. The findings could help the food and beverage industry improve its products and lead to less embarrassment for both you and your waiter.

http://news.sciencemag.org/chemistry/2013/09/corked-wine-plugs-your-nose

Scientific evidence of what works in education often ignored

According to Gina Kolata in the New York Times, The Institute of Education Sciences in the Department of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education, has supported 175 randomized controlled studies, like the studies used in medicine, to find out what works and doesn’t work, which are reported in the What Works Clearinghouse. Surprisingly, the choice of instructional materials — textbooks, curriculum guides, homework, quizzes — can affect achievement as much as teachers; poor materials have as much effect as a bad teacher, and good materials can offset a bad teacher’s deficiencies. One popular math textbook was superior to 3 competitors. A popular computer-assisted math program had no benefit. Most educators, including principals and superintendents, don’t know the data exists. 42% of school districts had never heard of the clearinghouse. Up to 90% of programs that seemed promising in small studies had no effect or made achievement scores worse. For example a program to increase 7th-grade math teachers’ understanding of math increased their understanding but had no effect on student achievement. Upward Bound had no effect.

http://m.slashdot.org/story/191103

Pollution makes Europeans unhappy

Researchers in Canada have found a correlation between air pollution and people’s happiness. Their deep analysis, reported in the latest issue of the International Journal of Green Economics, suggests that air pollution may lead to unhappiness while the converse is also true, the unhappier the citizens of a country the more air pollution.

via Pollution makes Europeans unhappy.